Frederick Taylors claim that his Scientific Management Principles Essay

Frederick Taylors claim that his Scientific Management Principles would lead to maximum prosperity for both employers and employees is inherently flawed - Essay Example The people are needed to work smarter instead of harder. Basically, his views are rooted in efficiency. Prior to his proposition, labor then can be considered as a specialized process for every worker. This includes the view of craftsmanship wherein only the particular worker has the idea regarding his work. The said process is viewed by Taylor as highly inefficient since the job done is completely dependent on the time set by the workers. This pushed Taylor propose the quantification of the work that are needed to be done. For that matter, he started to give possible ways and standards to be able to determine the rate of work needed and continuously improve the process (Darmody 1; Jones and George 20). To be able to achieve the efficiency that is needed, an able manager who can oversee the activities and can set the level of work that should be accomplished is another important factor of the scientific management. The mindset of the workers based on Taylor’s principles is needed to revolve around the factors such as efficiency and productivity. He believed that increased in production or the amount of work done is the most important aim in the industries. Basically during his time wherein there is a recognized need for increase in production, the idea he presented is highly applicable. For that matter, the scientific management is the first method and philosophy in management that had been known and applied internationally. It can be related to the idea of mass production by Ford which is also rooted for increased efficiency (Crainer 44). According to Taylor, scientific management is composed of 75 percent science and 25 percent common sense, thus, the method used in working is the most important component. For that matter he prioritizes the motivation of the workers through incurring the view that in every task that is undertaken, the search for the most efficient method is one of the main goals (Crainer 44). The fundamental

'Smart Film'. Case study on Fight Club and Donnie Darko Essay

'Smart Film'. Case study on Fight Club and Donnie Darko - Essay Example This paper defines what Sconce means by this term, â€Å"Smart Film,† showing how it emerges out of both classical and art film cinema history, and provides some examples from two key films which have been categorized within this genre. There is then a discussion of the validity of the term, considering several possible objections to this classification. Finally, the paper concludes that the term â€Å"Smart film† is a valid genre descriptor, so long as it is understood in the ironic way that Sconce originally intended, and not as an indicator of quality or status. One of the main features of the â€Å"Smart Film† is the absence of a single plot line, or main character to unify the action. The way that the characters relate to each other is more complex, and the audience has to work harder to make sense of the connections and dis-connections that appear on the screen. This shift of focus from more traditional linear approaches is described by Sconce as a narrativ e style â€Å"centering not on a central unifying character’s dynamic action (as in classic Hollywood cinema) nor on relatively passive observations (as in previous art cinema), but rather on a series of seemingly random events befalling a loosely related set of characters.† (Sconce, 2002, 362) ... Kristin Thompson argues that this has been a tendency of blockbuster movies right through the 1970s and 1980s: â€Å"... Hollywood continues to succeed through its skill in telling strong stories based on fast-paced action and characters with clear psychological traits. The ideal American film still centers around a well-structured, carefully motivated series of events that the spectator can comprehend relatively easily.† (Thompson, 1999, 8) This so-called â€Å"classical† style of movie production endures because it has become the accepted â€Å"norm† for the majority of film audiences. Thompson acknowledges the importance of episodic films, and the emergence of post-modern cinema, which breaks with many of these traditions, but maintains that Hollywood will doubtless continue to be fascinated by genres such as the action film which tend to be both â€Å"formulaic† and â€Å"overblown† (Thompson, 1999, 338) The impact of non-classical films like Ta rantino’s Pulp Fiction, has, according to Thompson, been minimal, leaving a legacy which encourages imitators to dwell on the extremes of sex and violence rather than engage in novel approaches to narrative structure. Thompson makes valid points, but the â€Å"Smart Film† genre shows that some independent film-makers working together with the large studios have managed to break away from the stranglehold of classical expectations. Sconce’s reference to art films, as well as classical film, is highly relevant, and although Sconce is keen to point out the differences between his new genre of â€Å"Smart Films† and the art film genre, there are also many similarities between the two genres. The work of Bordwell has done much to explain the specific art film