Why should Donuts be banned Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Why should Donuts be banned - Research Paper Example However, their taste is not enough to keep the supporters of the ban quiet. They say that donuts should be banned. They should disappear from the bakeries. They should not be present in bakeries that are located outside the hospitals because patients must be stopped from consuming the unhealthy food. For example, the Capital Health banned donuts in bakeries outside hospitals in Tim Hortons. The idea behind was to enable the staff of the hospital and patients to make healthier choices when it came to their eating habits. In 2009, deep fryers were also banned in the hospitals’ cafeterias for the same reasons. Obese people are also at a chance of catching more obesity if they will continue to eat donuts. Also, since kids are so much attracted to this round delight, they consume a lot of them which fills their stomachs with empty calories not providing them sufficient energy and nutrients. This also makes them obese if they do not consume donuts in balance. So, the whole concept r evolves around promoting a healthier lifestyle where people are at least risk of catching diseases associated with sugary food. On the other hand, the opponents of donut ban also have to say something to save some delight for their taste buds. They say that banning something to eat is of no sense. They state that alcohol is also banned for under-eighteen people but this only increases the fantasy. Banning donuts will also increase the demand for them. According to them, a sensible step is to discourage people from eating them. People should be made familiar with the healthier choices they can make. Patients should be taught the drawbacks of eating donuts so that they stop buying them. Patients always know what they have to eat. If they go for donuts, it is their choice. People opposing the ban say that donuts are not the only sugary substance in the market that needs a ban then. The need is to create awareness rather than making eatables disappear

The way Greeks and Romans understood women Essay Example for Free

The way Greeks and Romans understood women Essay In the Ancient World, women were not portrayed as they are today in modern literary works; women usually played controversial roles where their actions ranged from killing their own family to destroying their own town. Women in ancient Greek plays and Roman stories did not posses the social standing that we naturally think of today, many times their only power was to strike back when they were hurt. Medea, Phaedra, and Dido, admirable or dangerous, are among the most complex literary characters of any period. Medea, of Euripides play Medea, represents the destructive quality of possessive desire often portrayed by Greek women. Medea becomes enraged by Jason when he leaves her to be with the daughter of the King of Corinth. She reacts by destroying everything around him. She destroys his new wife, her father the King, and even goes as far as to kill her own two children she had with Jason in order to hurt him. Medea rationalizes her actions by saying if she cannot have Jason, the thing she wants the most in life, then he cannot have the things that matter the most to him in his life. Medea illustrates her nature of possessive desire for Jason with the line, At last I understand that awful deed I am to do; but passion, that cause of direst woes to mortal man, hath triumphed oer my sober thoughts (Euripides 104). From this you can see that Medea is only concerned with herself and her desires as opposed to her famil; she kills her own children to hurt her husband. Like Medea, Euripides writes another play Hippolytous, with a similar character named Phaedra. Phaedra is the wife of Theseus that has become obsessed by an incestuous passion for her stepson, Hippolytus. Phaedra attempts to win over Hippolytus in a love letter. Hippolytus, however, is a follower of Diana, the goddess of chastity and therefore refuses her. Phaedras distraught revenge includes her suicide and his succeeding, undeserved death by his father. In this case, like Medea, Phaedra could not possess her alleged good, her life and his must be sacrifice. Yet another example of this misplaced desire is in Virgils Aeneid with the character of Dido. In Aeneid, Aeneas is persuaded to leave his fate to found Rome and stay with his new found love, Queen Dido of Carthage. By the  intervention of the gods, Hermes and Jove, Aeneas is able to resist Dido and does not marry her but does in fact go on to found Rome. Once again this possessive quality is aptly shown by Hermes, Degenerate man,/Thou womans property (Virgil 166). Dido verifies this and pleas with Aeneas,  had you deferrd, at least, your hasty flight,/And left behind some pledge of our delight,/Some babe to bless the mothers mournful sight,/Some young Aeneas, to supply your place,/Whose features might express his fathers face;/I should no then complain to be left bereft/Of all my husband, or be wholly left (Virgil 168). Obviously Didos love is not actually true love since she is willing to compromise for an alternate Aeneas, whom she will be able to possess more fully be raise him to her satisfaction. Aeneas refuses Dido this as well and she, like Pheadra, burns herself. But as her sister mourns, she points out that Didos death was not a solitary destruction; At one thou hast destroyd thyself and me,/Thy town. Thy senate, and thy colony (Virgil 818)! By destroying her own town, something that she devoted a lot of her life to, she hurt many more people than just herself and Aeneas. In these three works, Medea, Hippolytus, and Aeneid, the female roles defiantly had an agenda. The women were all overwhelmed by love and were blinded by it. Medea, Phadrea, and Dido committed unthinkable crimes in an attempt to cast revenge on the object of their affection. In the end, none of them possessed the man they were longing for, they only ended up hurting themselves and those that supposedly meant the most to them.

The Digital Millennium Copyright Act Essay example -- Technology Gover

The Digital Millennium Copyright Act Signed into law by President Clinton on October 28, 1998, the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) "was the foundation of an effort by Congress to implement United States treaty obligations and to move the nation's copyright law into the digital age." ("Executive Summary DMCA Report") While this seems a valid description of the law, perhaps a more accurate interpretation lies in the following statement: "The DMCA is a piece of legislation rushed through Congress by the entertainment industry lobbyists to protect its monopoly on commercially-developed digital content, cartels, price-fixing, and to maintain its status quo as the single entity that can direct what should be 'popular' or 'used' by the consumer masses." (Forno) Since its enactment, the Digital Millennium Copyright Act has been a controversial topic of debate and evaluating the relationship between United States copyright law and technological change is an ongoing, delicate issue for Congress. "The DMCA is the product of the obligations of the United States to implement two international treaties proposed by the World Intellectual Property Organization. Both treaties provide that contracting states shall provide adequate legal protection and effective legal remedies against the circumvention of effective technological measures that are used by copyright owners with respect to their works." (Ottaviani C1) In addition, it exists for the purpose of advancing two goals, "to protect intellectual property rights in the modern digital environment and to promote continued growth and development of electronic commerce." (Ottaviani C1) The law was enacted perhaps with a valid purpose and with the interests of the people in mind, ho... ...mately our human rights. Works Cited Electronic Frontier Foundation. "National Security and Individual Freedoms: How the DMCA Threatens Both." 18 July 2001 [last update]. http://www.infowarrior.org/articles/2001-05.html 1 November 2002. Executive Summary Report. "Digital Millennium Copyright Act."18 November 2002 [last update]. http://www.loc.gov/copyright/reports/studies/dmca/dmca_executive.html 18 November 2002. Hoppin, Jason. "Copyright law faces court test." The National Law Journal. April 1, 2002. Online. Lexis Nexis. Electronic Periodicals. 1 December 2002. Ottaviani, John E. "DMCA faces free speech challenges." The National Law Journal. October 22, 2001. Online. Lexis Nexis. Electronic Periodicals. 1 December 2002. Thibodeau, Patrick. "DMCA." Computerworld. December 2, 2002. Online. Lexis Nexis. Electronic Periodicals. 1 December 2002. The Digital Millennium Copyright Act Essay example -- Technology Gover The Digital Millennium Copyright Act Signed into law by President Clinton on October 28, 1998, the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) "was the foundation of an effort by Congress to implement United States treaty obligations and to move the nation's copyright law into the digital age." ("Executive Summary DMCA Report") While this seems a valid description of the law, perhaps a more accurate interpretation lies in the following statement: "The DMCA is a piece of legislation rushed through Congress by the entertainment industry lobbyists to protect its monopoly on commercially-developed digital content, cartels, price-fixing, and to maintain its status quo as the single entity that can direct what should be 'popular' or 'used' by the consumer masses." (Forno) Since its enactment, the Digital Millennium Copyright Act has been a controversial topic of debate and evaluating the relationship between United States copyright law and technological change is an ongoing, delicate issue for Congress. "The DMCA is the product of the obligations of the United States to implement two international treaties proposed by the World Intellectual Property Organization. Both treaties provide that contracting states shall provide adequate legal protection and effective legal remedies against the circumvention of effective technological measures that are used by copyright owners with respect to their works." (Ottaviani C1) In addition, it exists for the purpose of advancing two goals, "to protect intellectual property rights in the modern digital environment and to promote continued growth and development of electronic commerce." (Ottaviani C1) The law was enacted perhaps with a valid purpose and with the interests of the people in mind, ho... ...mately our human rights. Works Cited Electronic Frontier Foundation. "National Security and Individual Freedoms: How the DMCA Threatens Both." 18 July 2001 [last update]. http://www.infowarrior.org/articles/2001-05.html 1 November 2002. Executive Summary Report. "Digital Millennium Copyright Act."18 November 2002 [last update]. http://www.loc.gov/copyright/reports/studies/dmca/dmca_executive.html 18 November 2002. Hoppin, Jason. "Copyright law faces court test." The National Law Journal. April 1, 2002. Online. Lexis Nexis. Electronic Periodicals. 1 December 2002. Ottaviani, John E. "DMCA faces free speech challenges." The National Law Journal. October 22, 2001. Online. Lexis Nexis. Electronic Periodicals. 1 December 2002. Thibodeau, Patrick. "DMCA." Computerworld. December 2, 2002. Online. Lexis Nexis. Electronic Periodicals. 1 December 2002.

Ifrs vs Us Gaap

ACCY200 Financial Accounting A Accounting for Property, Plant & Equipment using IFRS and US GAAP Submitted To: Dr. Mufeed Rawashdeh Lecturer, ACCY200 UOWD Project done by: Punit Hiro Lalwani 3948493 Anish Ahuja 3959569 Hitesh Kumar Bilochi 3949345 Date: 29th November, 2011 Table of Contents Executive Summary| 3| Introduction| 4| Property, Plant & Equipment| 5| Interest incurred during construction of asset| 6 – 7|Direct & indirect costs incurred in self-constructed assets| 8 – 9| Valuation/Reporting of Property, Plant & Equipment’s in the Balance Sheet| 10 – 11| Example of Annual Reports for US GAAP and IFRS| 12 – 13| Implication of Differences – 1) Interest Incurred 2) Componentization 3) Subsequent of Valuation| 14 – 15| Conclusion and Recommendation| 16|References| 17 – 18| Executive Summary This Financial Accounting report contains information on a few key areas in accounting for Property, Plant & Equipment, using two sligh tly different standards which are the US Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (US GAAP) and International Financial Reporting Standards.The objective of this report is to state how these two standards are slightly different in terms of accounting for items of PP&E such as Interest/Borrowing Costs during the asset is being prepared for intended use, How direct and indirect costs are allocated or measured for assets constructed by the company itself, and how their fixed assets are valued at balance sheet, after initial recognition of cost. Both the standards, are pretty similar, yet have some key points which conflict with each other. These points carry a degree of importance in terms of accounting.Each point is beneficial as well as It has its drawbacks, depending upon the scenario put in place. Moreover, the above mentioned content is even widely exhibited by including Annual reports of two companies – one IFRS, and the other US GAAP reports, to show a practical example o f dealing with Property, Plant and Equipment items in the balance sheet. Introduction IFRS is a set of guidelines and rules formed by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) that companies and organizations can follow when compiling financial statements.The creation of international standards allows investors, organizations and governments to compare the IFRS-supported financial statements with greater ease. International Standards help investors to deal with comparing financial statements with more convenience. The International Financial Reporting Standards were previously called the International Accounting Standards (IAS). Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) is the accounting standard used by the Organizations in the United States which is the common set of accounting principles, standards and procedures that companies use to ompile their financial statements. GAAP are a combination of authoritative standards (set by policy boards) and simply the commonly accepted ways of recording and reporting accounting information. GAAP are imposed on companies so that investors have a minimum level of consistency in the financial statements they use when analysing companies for investment purposes Property, Plant & Equipment (PP&E) Property, plant and equipment are tangible assets that: 1. are held for use in the production or supply of goods or services, for rental to others, or for administrative purposes, and 2. re expected to be used during more than one period. Property, plant and equipment does not include: 1. biological assets related to agricultural activity, or 2. mineral rights and mineral reserves, such as oil, natural gas and similar non-regenerative resources Asset Recognition The entity shall recognise the cost of an item of property, plant and equipment as an asset if, and only if: 1. it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the entity, and 2. the cost of the item can be measured reliably .Interest incurred during construction of asset | IFRS| US GAAP| Definition| Borrowing costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of a qualifying asset form part of the cost of that asset. Other borrowing costs are recognised as an expense. | Similar to IFRS but US GAAP uses ‘interest Costs’ instead of ‘Borrowing Costs’| Qualifying asset| A qualifying asset is an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale. | Similar to IFRS but US GAAP does not state the word substantial’| Measurement| Borrowing cost include * Exchange rate differences from foreign currency borrowings. * Borrowing cost is offset by investment income earned on those borrowings. * Actual Interest are Capitalized. | * Interest costs do not include exchange rate differences. * Interest earned on the investment of borrowed funds generally cannot offset interest costs incurred during the perio d. * Interest cost equal to the weighted average accumulated expenditures times the borrowing rate is capitalized. Commencing Capitalization| An entity shall begin capitalising borrowing costs as part of the cost of a qualifying asset on the commencement date. The commencement date for capitalisation is the date when the entity first meets all of the following conditions: * (a) it incurs expenditures for the asset; * (b) it incurs borrowing costs; and * (c) it undertakes activities that are necessary to prepare the asset for its intended use or sale. | Similar to IFRS. Ceasing Capitalization| An entity shall cease capitalising borrowing costs when substantially all the activities necessary to prepare the qualifying asset for its intended use or sale are complete. | Similar to IFRS| Direct & indirect costs incurred in self-constructed assets | IFRS| US GAAP| Cost| * The asset is carried at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment. | Similar to IFRS| Depreciation| The depreci able amount (cost less residual value) should be allocated on a systematic basis over the asset's useful life.The residual value and the useful life of an asset should be reviewed at least at each financial year-end and, if expectations differ from previous estimates, any change is accounted for prospectively as a change in estimate under IAS 8. | Depreciation under US GAAP is similar to IFRS as the property plant and equipment are to be stated at cost of acquisition less accumulated depreciation based on estimated useful lives of the assets. | Revaluation| * Under IFRS, an organization has an option to use the cost method or the revaluation method to measure property, plant and equipment. The asset is carried at a revalued amount, being its fair value at the date of revaluation less subsequent depreciation and impairment, provided that fair value can be measured reliably. | US GAAP prohibits revaluations except for a discovery on a natural resource, in a business combination accoun ted for under the purchase method. Therefore uses only the cost model. | Componentization| Component depreciation is a requirement under IFRS if the components of that particular asset have differing patterns of benefit. Component depreciation is permitted but rarely used under GAAP compared to IFRS in which it is a requirement. | Valuation/reporting of property, plant ; equipment’s in the Balance Sheet | IFRS| US GAAP| Measurement| * Property, plant and equipment should initially be measured at cost. Cost is the fair value of consideration given for the asset. * The cost of an item of property, plant and equipment comprises the purchase price and any costs directly attributable to bringing the asset to the location and condition necessary for it to be capable of operating in the manner intended by management.The cost also includes estimated costs of dismantling and removing the asset and restoring the site on which it is located * The costs that incur for completion of the a sset construction can be added to the amount that has to be recognized initially, if these costs exceed the recoverable amount, the excess should be expensed in the current period. | * Property plant and equipment under GAAP are measured at historical cost. * Similar To IFRS * Self-constructed assets are recorded at the incremental or direct costs to build (material, labor, and variable overhead) assuming idle capacity. Direct Costs| Directly attributable costs include costs such as: * Costs of site preparation. * Initial delivery and handling costs. * Installation and assembly costs. * Professional feesDirectly attributable costs do not include administration and other general overheads| Similar to IFRS| Indirect Costs| Non-directly attributable items are not permitted to be capitalized under IAS 16. Repair and maintenance costs are expensed as incurred, not capitalised. | Indirect costs under GAAP are called overhead or burden.For example Power, heat, light . To handle these costs one of the following ways can be applied: * Assign No Fixed Overhead to the Cost of the Constructed Asset * Assign a Portion of All Overhead to the Construction Process * A pro rata portion of the fixed overhead should be assigned to the asset to obtain its cost. | Examples of an US GAAP and IFRS Report valuing Property, Plant and Equipment Property, Plant and Equipment (US GAAP – Google Inc) Property and equipment stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization.Depreciation is computed using straight – line Method over estimate useful life of assets, generally two to five years. Buildings are depreciated over periods of up to 25 years. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the remaining lease term or the estimated useful lives of the assets. Construction in progress is related to the construction or development of property (including land) and equipment that have not yet been placed in service for their intended use.Depreciation for e quipment commences once it is placed in service and depreciation for buildings and leasehold improvements commences once they are ready for their intended use. Land is not depreciated. Property and equipment value at end of 2009 and 2010 was $4,845 million and $ 7,759 million, respectively, with accumulated depreciation and amortization cost of $3,285 million for 2009 and $ 4,012 million for 2010. Property, Plant and Equipment (IFRS – Puma)Property, plant and equipment are stated at acquisition costs net of accumulated depreciation, even though they have the option of revaluation, they haven’t used it. The depreciation period depends on the expected useful life of the respective item. The straight-line method of depreciation is applied. The useful life depends on the type of assets involved. Buildings are subject to a useful life of between ten to fifty years, and a useful life of between three to ten years is assumed for moveable assets. The cost of maintenance and re pair is recorded as an expense at the time of origin.Significant improvements and renewals are capitalized to the extent that the criteria for capitalization of an asset item apply. As a general rule, lease items that qualify as a finance lease due to the terms of the underlying contract are shown under property, plant and equipment; initially they are measured at the amount of the fair value or the lower present value of the minimum lease payments and net of accumulated depreciation in subsequent accounting periods. Property, plant and equipment is valued at â‚ ¬236. 7 million in 2010 and â‚ ¬242. million in 2009. Accumulated depreciation of property, plant and equipment amounted to â‚ ¬ 233. 3 million (previous year: â‚ ¬ 201. 9 million). As we can see from the above 2 examples, both the methods of the companies are very similar, and there is very little difference in the way they report the value of their Property, Plant ; Equipment in the Balance Sheet. Implications of differences Interest incurred IFRS includes exchange rate differences and also allows the offsetting of interest revenue with interest costs, whereas US GAAP does not allow either.This method of IFRS can be very accurate because while offsetting the interest revenue with the interest costs, it will only show one entry in the financial statement, whereas in US GAAP it will show two entries, one of cost and one of revenue. Hence there is only a difference in the presentation of information BUT the end result will still be the same. IFRS can be more convenient and make things simpler because of offsetting compared to US GAAP. Exchange rate differences will most probably hold an mmaterial difference but to avoid any inaccuracies, they should be taken into consideration. Componentization Componentization is when the assets are segmented into the different parts and are depreciated separately. As stated above IFRS requires componentization, whereas US GAAP permits it but does not requi re it. A good example might be that under US GAAP, a car may be treated as a single depreciable asset, while under IFRS, every component of a car will be depreciated separately, including engine, car frame, brakes, and etc.This can be very confusing for users as not every company retains all the information about its components, but IFRS is still more accurate as it allows the companies to know the real value of its components and its estimated life, where as US GAAP will only show the real value of its asset and not know the estimated life of the components of the assets, which can be a disadvantage because the companies will not know whether it’s components need maintenance or not. The disadvantage of componentization under IFRS might be that the depreciation expenses will mostly tend to be higher than US GAAP, therefore resulting in lower profits.This implication can also have an affect on the tax the company pays. Subsequent valuation differences * IFRS permits revaluatio n of property, plant and equipment whereas in US GAAP it is forbidden. Under the revaluation model, if the carrying amount of a property, plant and equipment’s asset is increased as a result of a revaluation, the increase is recognized in equity under the heading of revaluation surplus. The revaluation surplus amount recorded is then adjusted on an asset-by-asset basis by the amount of future revaluation increase.Adjustments to the revaluation surplus account are recorded in equity. Therefore, if there is an Increase in asset revaluation IFRS would be more beneficial compared to US GAAP since it gives an appropriate measurement of the current value of the asset and would show a higher income for the company due to increase in fair value. * A decrease arising as a result of a revaluation should be recognized as an expense to the extent that it exceeds any amount previously credited to the revaluation surplus relating to the same asset.In this case US GAAP would be more prefera ble since it would state its assets value above the current market value (fair value). However from a technical point of view the value would be overstated. So overall, it is more advisable to use the IFRS standard for revaluation of assets. Conclusion and Recommendation There are many Similarities in IFRS ; US GAAP but they also have Differences that cannot be unnoticed. There are different scenarios in which one accounting method would prevail over the other.Difference between these two methods of accounting standards cause confusion which should be eliminated and there should be the need of uniform accounting standard. The best way to deal with differences in IFRS and US GAAP is to converge the both, with the most accurate method of each difference being retained. This will make it easier for the people to interpret, understand and compare financial reports because the standards will be the same for everyone.In recent years there is a huge acceptance of IFRS over US GAAP which ha s led to benefits such has increased in transparency and consistency of financial information, more efficient use and availability of global resources, streamlined internal controls, additional access to capital, and opportunities for improved cash management and income tax planning. References AICPA. (2011), ‘IFRS for SME’s – US GAAP comparison – wiki’, [online], Available: http://wiki. ifrs. com/Property-Plant-and-Equipment, [Accessed 24 November 2011] Banka. S. (N. D. , ‘US GAAP- Quick Learning Module’, [online], Available: http://usgaap. tripod. com/id14. html , [Accessed 24 November 2011] Business Dictionary. (2011), ‘International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS)’, [online], Available: http://www. businessdictionary. com/definition/International-Financial-Reporting-Standards-IFRS. html, [Accessed 24 November 2011] Deloitte. (2011), ‘Summaries of International Financial Reporting Standards’, [online], Available: http://www. iasplus. com/standard/ias16. htm , [Accessed 24 November 2011] Ernst ;Young. (N. D. , ‘Property, plant and equipment’, [online], Available: www. csb. uncw. edu/people/rocknessj/classes/MSA500/PP%26EIFRS. ppt, [Accessed 24 November 2011] Ernst ;Young. (N. D. ), ‘Property, plant and equipment’, [online], Available: www. csb. uncw. edu/people/rocknessj/classes/MSA500/PP%26EIFRS. ppt, [Accessed 24 November 2011] FASB. (2011), ‘Accounting Standards Codification’, [online], Available: https://asc. fasb. org/subtopic;trid=2127351;analyticsAssetName=section_page_subtopic;nav_type=section_page, [Accessed 24 November 2011] Investopedia. 2011), ‘Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP)’, [online], Available: http://www. investopedia. com/terms/g/gaap. asp#ixzz1eL9q86ay, [Accessed 24 November 2011] Price Water House Coopers. (2011), ‘Property, plant and equipment (including borrowing costs)’, [online] , Available: https://pwcinform. pwc. com/inform2/show? action=informContent;id=0919084403183483 , [Accessed 24 November 2011] Price Water House Coopers. (2009), ‘Implications of an IFRS conversion on property, plant and equipment from a US tax perspective’, [online], Available: http://www. pwc. om/en_US/us/ifrs-tax-issues/assets/ifrs_conversion_property_plant_equipment. pdf [Accessed 24 November 2011] Wiley, 2002, ‘Acquisition and Disposition of Property, Plant and Equipment’, [online], Available: http://www. wiley. com/college/sc/kieso/samp/8658d_c10_469-518. pdf , [Accessed 24 November 2011] World Gaap Info, N. D. , ‘Property, plant and equipment’, [online], Available: http://www. worldgaapinfo. com/pdf/IAS/IAS16. pdf [Accessed 24 November 2011] Google Inc Annual Report, (2010), Available: http://wwww. investor. google. com/pdf/20101231_google_10K. pdf [Accessed 24th November 2011]

Smokey Joes Cafe and Away

The concept of journey exceeds beyond physically traveling, as the traveller encompasses an emotional and intellectual journey along the way. These journeys are a process in which the traveller grows and changes in response to extending themselves out of their comfort zones and overcoming the struggle with themselves, each other and with nature. The play ‘Away’, composed by Michael Gow through the use of dramatic techniques and the novel ‘Smokey Joe’s Cafe through language techniques have both demonstrated how physical Journeys impacts on the travellers inner growth. Away’, set in the late 1960’s reflects the Australian events and situations at that time. These shape the attitudes and behaviour of the characters Gow uses, it strengthens Australia’s historical context for the audience. There is a cyclical structure Nature is a symbolic theme that sharpens ‘Away’ physical setting. Gow significantly sets the play over the Chris tmas holidays, portraying three ordinary yet contrasting families that are eventually drawn together by the power of nature. This time of year symbolises the birth of Christ that contradicts the imminent death of Tom.His approaching imminent death of Tom. Tom’s approaching death heals the characters, as they become linked to the natural cycle, we are born to die. â€Å"Give me your hands if we be friends, and Robin shall restore Amends. ‘ ( Act 1, Sc 1) This signifies the beginning journey of reconciliation and acceptance through use of intertextuality. Gow has made cross reference with Shakespeare. Tom’s role as Puck, infiltrated from a ‘Midsummer Night’s Dream’, encapsulates his significance in the overall play.Puck’s power to restore and heal alludes and soaks into Tom’s character as his awareness of both life and death become the base of power for a catalyst change in others. Tom’s ability to transform Coral and inspi re his parents is expressed through the play within a play. ‘Stranger on the shore† Tom’s deep sense of his own mortality is life giving to others, he expresses impending death and his capacity to care for other’s lifts coral from her darkness. â€Å"I’m walking, I’m walking, I’m walking. symbolis for Corals renewal in her emotional journey, while Repetition of walking reinforces she is back to reality The plant â€Å"Coral† symbolizes a lifeless skeleton that is fragile and easy to break, just like the character in â€Å"Away†. Coral undergoes a vast transformation through the physical journey, from being repressed because of her son’s death to finally accepting that he is gone. Coral – her emotional recovery is profound. She symbolically and emotionally ‘returns from the dead’. She has been away from herself since the death of her son and has been unable to deal in the real world effectively.T he physical journey she undertakes to the beach is a metaphor for her emotional journey to recovery of self and ability to ‘walk’ in the world of the living. Physical setting – Earth; place of respite and rest Beach allows for cleansing, harmony Water: through both sea and storm, emphasises idea of change as its dark and has unknown depths, yet can also be life giving. Air evokes destruction through Bonfire: Ancient symbol of life. Its warmth draws those characters, who have been renewed, it confirms the redemption they have achieved.And the insight enveloped around each character portraying their inner growth.. Similarly in ‘Smokey Joe’s cafe, Bryce has used historical information on the Vietnam war to create his characters and setting to enable a more appealing and indulgent recite for the reader. Courtenay has used the power of nature throughout the Vietnam veteran’s journey, fathomed most in the Vietnam jungle. The jungles landscape became secondary growth with, bamboo everywhere, all of it tangled and dense and hard to see or move through. â€Å"The bloody jungle was the enemy as much as the Viet Cong (pg. ) Thommo says this highlighting the soldier’s physical journey that overcame the difficult obstacles and level of areas they were subjected to. Nature’s demolition lead to the motive of Agent Orange, a main issue manufactured for Vietnams â€Å"(pg. 7) . They sprayed it in our tents, in our weapon pits, in our kitchens and mess halls and in our latrines. It would be on our plates we ate off and the cups we drank off. † Courtenay introduces Thommo fand the soldiers to recount,- flashbacks†¦ The start of the physical journey â€Å"That’s what it was; a big hole with hills called Yama’s surrounding it, filled with water that might as well have been shit.It felt like shit. Tasted like shit and smelled like shit, when you fell into it, it stuck to you like shit sticks to a blan ket. † (pg 70) Preparation for the jungle (Still in Australia) highlights the beginning of change, and growth the soldiers will experience†¦ The use of repetition, simile, colloquialism, introducing†¦ â€Å"Crackle-pop-crackle-pop-pop-pop† â€Å"Putta putta putta putta† (Page 3) Onomatopoeia has been used to echo the firing of an AK47, and the ‘dust off blades of an emerging helicopter picking up the wounded’.The sounds give a sense of battle while Thommo describes it from a nightmare that is recounted from the past events of Long Tan; it establishes the hardship Thommo goes through, finding it difficult to settle back into society. All of these paragraphs Don’t link or refer back to question It didn’t help that Australia treated them like a bunch of mercenaries guilty of war crimes. â€Å"You killed children! †(Pg43) Angela, a local says this to Spags showing her disapproval and resentment for him.It establishes the ho stility and non-acceptance society felt towards the soldiers, their lack of understanding, going by the distorted media, regarded them not as heroes, but pure murderers. Societies attitude towards the war created diversity between the vets and the community â€Å"It seems the real heroes were the nice little boys and girls who marched in the Anti- Vietnam rallies chanting slogans, waving the Viet Cong flag and passing a joint around while the cops looked on. † (Pg. 10). This shows Thommo and the soldiers are filled with fury and irritation for the people and Government.

Free Essays on Facing Reality

Facing Reality Have you ever thought about all the pressure family brings upon you? How about the days when you decide to take a risk, defy the odds, and stand up for what you believe is right? In the stories, â€Å" A & P†, by John Updike and â€Å"Marriage Is A Private Affair†, by Chinua Achebe, Sammy and Nnaemeka both face these obstacles. They both desire to make a change and have other see their own point of views. In â€Å"Marriage Is A Private Affair†, Achebe’s character, Nnaemeka, defies his father’s beliefs. Nnaemeka’s father, Okeke, has set up his son to be married to a local Ibo girl. Okeke has a very strong stance on people from Ibo marrying one another. Nnaemeka has found someone who he loves, but the dilemma between this is she is not an Ibo woman. He has to face his father and tell him that the woman he is choosing to marry is not a local. At first Nnaemeka is hesitant to tell his father. But after much persistence from his fiancà ©, he went to tell him face to face other then just a letter. As Nnaemeka told his father what he had chosen, Okeke face was in disbelief. As stated in the story, â€Å" His father’s silence was infinitely more menacing than a flood of threatening speech.† He couldn’t except that his own son would disgrace the family in such a manor. For about eight years after that, Okeke still had not talked to his son. He didn’t want any part to Nnaemeka and Nene, Nnaemeka’s wife. This story represents how a young man stood up to his father. Nnaemeka knew that his father would never accept the fact that he married someone other then an Ibo woman. He wanted to make his father realize that not all marriages had to be within the tribe. Nnaemeka took a major risk in loosing a relationship with his father. The family pressures of Nnaemeka marrying an Ibo woman didn’t alter the fact that he wanted to marry someone he cared for and loved. Although in the Ibo tribe marriage wasnï ¿ ½... Free Essays on Facing Reality Free Essays on Facing Reality Facing Reality Have you ever thought about all the pressure family brings upon you? How about the days when you decide to take a risk, defy the odds, and stand up for what you believe is right? In the stories, â€Å" A & P†, by John Updike and â€Å"Marriage Is A Private Affair†, by Chinua Achebe, Sammy and Nnaemeka both face these obstacles. They both desire to make a change and have other see their own point of views. In â€Å"Marriage Is A Private Affair†, Achebe’s character, Nnaemeka, defies his father’s beliefs. Nnaemeka’s father, Okeke, has set up his son to be married to a local Ibo girl. Okeke has a very strong stance on people from Ibo marrying one another. Nnaemeka has found someone who he loves, but the dilemma between this is she is not an Ibo woman. He has to face his father and tell him that the woman he is choosing to marry is not a local. At first Nnaemeka is hesitant to tell his father. But after much persistence from his fiancà ©, he went to tell him face to face other then just a letter. As Nnaemeka told his father what he had chosen, Okeke face was in disbelief. As stated in the story, â€Å" His father’s silence was infinitely more menacing than a flood of threatening speech.† He couldn’t except that his own son would disgrace the family in such a manor. For about eight years after that, Okeke still had not talked to his son. He didn’t want any part to Nnaemeka and Nene, Nnaemeka’s wife. This story represents how a young man stood up to his father. Nnaemeka knew that his father would never accept the fact that he married someone other then an Ibo woman. He wanted to make his father realize that not all marriages had to be within the tribe. Nnaemeka took a major risk in loosing a relationship with his father. The family pressures of Nnaemeka marrying an Ibo woman didn’t alter the fact that he wanted to marry someone he cared for and loved. Although in the Ibo tribe marriage wasnï ¿ ½...

My Best Teaching Experience (Personal Story)

My Best Teaching Experience (Personal Story) Teaching can be a demanding profession. There are times when students can seem uninterested in learning and disruptive to the classroom environment. There are plenty of studies and educational strategies for  improving student behavior. But personal experience may be the best way to show how to turn a difficult student into a dedicated pupil. I had such an experience: one where I was able to help change a student with major behavioral issues into a learning success story.   Troubled Student Tyler was enrolled in my senior American government class for a semester, followed by a second semester by economics. He had impulse-control and anger management issues. He had been suspended many times in previous years. When he entered my class in his senior year, I assumed the worst. Tyle sat in the back row. I had never used a seating chart with students on the first day when I was just getting to know them. Every time I talked at the front of the class, I would ask questions of students, calling them by name. This helped me to get to know the students. Unfortunately, every time I called on Tyler, he would respond with a glib answer. If he got an answer wrong, he would become angry. About a month into the year, I was still trying to connect with Tyler. I can usually get students involved in class discussions or at the least motivate them to sit quietly and attentively. By contrast, Tyler was just loud and obnoxious. Battle of Wills Tyler had been in so much trouble through the years that it had become his modus operandi. He expected his teachers to know about his  referrals, where he was sent to the office, and suspensions, where he was given mandatory days to stay out of school. He would push every teacher to see what it would take to get a referral. I tried to outlast him. I had rarely found referrals to be effective because students would return from the office behaving worse than before. One day, Tyler was talking while I was teaching. In the middle of the lesson, I said in the same tone of voice, Tyler why dont you join our discussion instead of having one of your own. With that, he got up from his chair, pushed it over and yelled something. I cant remember what he said other than that he included several profanity words. I sent Tyler to the office with a discipline referral, and he received a weeks out-of-school suspension. To this point, this was one of my worst teaching experiences. I dreaded that class every day. Tylers anger was almost too much for me. The week Tyler was out of school was a wonderful hiatus, and we got a lot accomplished as a class. However, the suspension week would soon come to an end, and I dreaded his return. The Plan On the day of Tylers return, I stood at the door awaiting him. As soon as I saw him, I asked Tyler to talk to me for a moment. He seemed unhappy to do it but agreed. I told him that I wanted to start over with him. I also told him that if he felt like he was going to lose control in class, he had my permission to step outside the door for a moment to collect himself. From that point on, Tyler was a changed student. He listened and he participated in class. He was a smart student, something I could finally witness in him. He even stopped a fight between two other students one day. He never abused  his break time privilege. Giving Tyler the power to leave the classroom showed him that he had the ability to choose how he would behave. At the end of the year, Tyler wrote me a thank you note about how well the year had gone for him. I still have that note today and find it touching to reread when I get stressed about teaching. Avoid Prejudgment This experience changed me as a teacher. I came to understand that students are people who have feelings and who dont want to feel cornered. They want to learn, but they also want to feel as if they have some control over themselves. I never made assumptions again about students before they came into my class. Every student is different; no two students react in the same way. It is our task as teachers to find not only what motivates each student to learn but also what motivates them to misbehave. If we can meet them at that point and take away that motivation, we can go a long way toward achieving more  effective classroom management  and a better learning environment.

Definition and Examples of Primary Sources in Research

Definition and Examples of Primary Sources in Research In research  activities,  a primary source refers to information collected firsthand from such sources as historical documents, literary texts, artistic works, experiments, surveys, and interviews. It is also called primary data and is very different than a secondary source. The Library of Congress defines primary sources as actual records that have survived from the past, such as letters, photographs, or articles of clothing, in contrast to secondary sources, which are accounts of the past created by people writing about events sometime after they happened   Examples of Primary Sources [Primary sources] provide the raw data that you use first to test the working hypothesis and then as evidence to support your claim. In history, for example, primary sources include documents from the period or person you are studying, objects, maps, even clothing; in literature or philosophy, your main primary source is usually the text you are studying, and your data are the words on the page. In such fields, you can rarely write a research paper without using primary sources. (Wayne C. Booth et al. The Craft of Research. University of Chicago Press, 2008) Chief Characteristics The chief characteristics of  primary sources are: (1) being present during the experience, event or time and (2) consequently being close in time with the data. This does not mean that data from  primary sources are  always the best data. . . . Data from human sources are subject to many types of distortion because of such factors as selective recall, selective perceptions, and purposeful or nonpurposeful omission or addition of information. Thus data from primary sources are not necessarily accurate data even though they come from firsthand sources. (Natalie L. Sproull,  Handbook of Research Methods: A Guide for Practitioners and Students in the Social Sciences, 2nd ed. Scarecrow Press, 2002) Methods of Collecting Primary Data If the information you need is unavailable or hasnt yet been gathered, youll have to gather it yourself. Four basic methods of collecting primary data are field research, content analysis, survey research, and experiments. Other methods of gathering primary data include historical research, analysis of existing statistics, . . . and various forms of direct observation. (H. Dan OHair et al. Business Communication: A Framework for Success. South-Western, 2001) Secondary Sources and Their Bibliographies By identifying basic facts, such as year of construction, secondary sources can point the researcher to the  best primary sources, such as the right tax books. In addition, a careful reading of the bibliography in a secondary source can reveal important sources the researcher might otherwise have missed. (Alison Hoagland and Gray Fitzsimmons, History.  Recording Historic Structures, 2nd. ed., edited by John A. Burns. Wiley, 2004) Original Sources The distinction also needs to be made between primary and original sources. It is by no means always necessary, and all too often it is not possible, to deal only with original sources. Printed copies of original sources, provided they have been undertaken with scrupulous care (such as the published letters of the Founding Fathers), are usually an acceptable substitute for their handwritten originals. (E. J. Monaghan and D. K. Hartman, Undertaking Historical Research in Literacy, in Handbook of Reading Research, ed. by P. D. Pearson et al. Erlbaum, 2000) Finding and Accessing Primary Sources This one is entirely dependent on the assignment given and your local resources; but when included, always emphasize quality.  . . . Keep in mind that there are many institutions such as the Library of Congress that make primary source material freely available on the Web.  (Joel D. Kitchens, Librarians, Historians, and New Opportunities for Discourse. ABC-CLIO, 2012)

My strengths and personality based approach to help children w Essay

My strengths and personality based approach to help children w behavioral problem - Essay Example It is important therefore to help children socialize and behave adequately in the society. So one of my main duties is to develop child's integrity into the society. I try to be as helpful as I can, so I always try to apply the most efficient methods, e.g. family work, as it is essential to help each member of the family establish healthy and harmonious contacts inside the family and promote integrity. The main points of my work are assessment, consultation, counselling and crisis intervention. I am also encouraged to bring new approaches to the assessment and intervention process and support the development of programs that creatively deal with the issues of children with emotional and behavioral problems. It is possible to receive proper working skills after finishing higher education, but there are also personal qualities, which are impossible to study. So it is necessary to examine one's own personality in order to find his strengths, which are useful directly on the working place, or in broader meaning - to identify if the occupation suits him (her). Adaptable, restorative, applying intellection, deliberative and harmonious. Adaptability is the ability of an individual to survive and maintain its coherence under unfixed internal and external factors. The word 'adaptation' implies a result at a certain point in time, an adjustment that is a state of relatedness. Adaptability helps me first of all, establish strong contact with child or his parents, to receive feedback. My patients and me get quickly accustomed to each other, which is important for fertile work. At our first meeting, seeing new person often causes strange feelings in child or even in his parents, so adaptability is essential as I have consulting duties.'Restorative' implies ability to help others to restore themselves (whatever - their health or mood). As for me those who help children with behavioural problems are required to be restorative, as it is possible to get positive results only possessing such a quality. Medical therapy is important - beyond any doubt - , but it is even more important to restore child's psychics, give him a charge of energy, which will help him cope with his crisis.Intellection in practical meaning is some kind of sensibility. In other words, I always meet all the troubles examining them with my reason, trying to consider them carefully, but not to dive and not to be lost sink in my patient's problems. My common sense is conditional to scrutinizing exceptionally complicated cases.Intellection is way to detailed case examination, which is necessary for me in long-lasting case management. In addition, excessive emotionality is harmful or even hazardous during the work with children who have behavioral problems, thus, I never forget that I am first of all, a specialist and have to act within the frames of my duties.Also I never rush making decision, since I believe it is possible to solve a problem only after extended working with information and gaining some experience concerning particular case.If I say I am deliber ative, it means that I am always ready to

The Financing and management of risk Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

The Financing and management of risk - Essay Example The company has major business activities in countries like Canada, Japan, China, UK, Mexico, Taiwan, Philippines, India, etc. Apart from coffee, Starbucks also sells ice cream, cold and hot beverages, snacks, beer, etc. The products offered by Starbucks are specific to the location of the store and are seasonal and customized to the target market segment. Starbucks employs around 149000 employees in its coffee stores and operations all over the world. Through its massive chain of coffee houses all over the world, Starbucks generated revenue of $13.29 billion in 2012 with a net income of $1.36 billion for the company. The strong performance of Starbucks’ coffee business across the world is highly dependent on its business model which has been well established by the company. The business model of Starbucks lays its success story for attracting customers into its stores for a cup of coffee day after day all over the world. The coffee selling stores of Starbucks present a status symbol for the customers of coffee. Although the coffee sold in the stores of Starbucks are priced highly, it the ambience that the stores of Starbucks offer to the customers that makes a difference. The coffee selling stores are supported by friendly and helpful staffs who address the problems, queries and grievances of customers who walk in to take coffee. The customers taking coffee are largely valued in the stores which in turn help the stores to hold their customers (Starbucks Corporation, 2013, p.1). The over business model of Starbucks which is applicable to its national as well as international presence is described below. Starbucks have a transnational model of business in which it has a universal product that is customized to fit the requirements of the local market. Starbucks follows a business model whereby the coffee and other products like beverages, beer, ice cream, snacks, etc. are sold through the coffee house chains in the international markets. Starbucks products under brand names are also sold in the grocery shops and retail market chains across the world. The coffee business of Starbucks has to be responsive to the markets and fits the taste and culture of the local people who walks in to take coffee. The strong business model of Starbucks has helped them to build international relationships and achieve their targets. Starbucks original business model was based on marketing of coffee by providing enriched customer experience in an upbeat environment inside the coffee stores. In order to cope up with the competitive market, Starbucks have now adopted advertising strategies by media like newspapers, television, offering cheaper prices, etc (Kazmi, 2010, p.21). As depicted above in the diagram for business model of Starbucks, the business model takes into consideration a range of factors that includes product strategy, customer economic, marketing of coffee, cost of capital of the business, economic sale, assessing value of the business, pro duction costs, revenue mechanism, growth of assets and competitive barriers, etc. The product strategy is framed by looking at the emerging demands of the market. Apart from offering a single product of coffee, Starbucks took into consideration

Tropicana Marketing Essentials Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Tropicana Marketing Essentials - Essay Example Price enables companies to be in a position to understand whether the product they are offering is in line with the prevailing economic features or opting for other measures is considerable (Dubrin, 2011:301). For Tropicana to roll in a new product, it must bear in mind that the current market structure revolves around taste, price, health standards, and other recognizable 21st century related elements. In some cases, some managers assume place is not important especially when dealing with online marketing. Nevertheless, place is very vital since it sets legal and financial issues. Moreover, in marketing, there is the core subject of every company, which is promotion. Promotion composes of the bigger portion of marketing essentials as it includes sponsorships, advertisements, public relations, viral marketing, special offers and many more. This entails that every Tropicana product needs a blend of place, price, and promotion (Doyle, 2008:93). When the product is cheap, placing is bet ter and this leads to lower price offering. Offering attractive Tropicana products at a reasonable price can reduce marketing expenses. Additionally, it can make customers queue in the distribution outlets and travel further in search of the product. This means that the product will need less promotion since the product has its own optimum blend for customers and market conditions (Allen and Albala, 2007: 372-74). Development of new Tropicana Juice (Pomegranate Juice) Products offered by Tropicana portray that the company does not only sell juices, but also sells health. The health of consumers is of utmost importance to Tropicana due to its healthy orange juice with fiber that it launched on December 14, 2005. Due to firm... This report stresses that producing and marketing requires a company to keep the best interests of the consumers at heart. As such, it is vital for Tropicana to conform to factors such as convenience. Customers require proper mode of packaging with respect to different activities. Therefore, in order for Tropicana’s new product to address this issue, it should have different packaging styles that include juices sold in larger bottles for home purposes. Tropicana should ensure the new product taste outshines that of competitors, as taste is one of the valuable reasons as to why consumers purchase certain types of beverages. This paper makes a conclusion that Tropicana should establish a base of enacting overall marketing objectives of the new type of product. Tropicana should predict and analyze customer’s taste then strive to satisfy their needs. In addition, in order to ensure the product continues to exist in the market while bringing reasonable results, the company should ensure it monitors and analyzes market trends. Consequently, Tropicana should anticipate future changes and initiate strategies to overcome its effects. To keep customers expecting more products with extra benefits, the company should increase positive perception among its customers. Furthermore, identifying positions that are distinctive, compelling, and competitive is essential for the well-being of the Tropicana’s new commodity.

The role of nursing theory in nursing education, research, and Essay

The role of nursing theory in nursing education, research, and clinical practice - Essay Example Nursing theories help in generating further knowledge in the field of nursing. Though some theories may differ and can be confusing to the nurses, they are all meant to provide additional information to the nurses. Nursing theories are supposed to form the basis of practice, in that they lay down the foundation and provide a framework upon which training is based on. Before the training starts, it is important to bring out some ideas and concepts, which will help the students to comprehend the training process. The theories act as a form of introduction, thus preparing the nurses for the practice (Parker and Smith, 2010). One will find that other professions have theories that help in establishing a unique approach to the different aspects involved in that particular discipline. Since nursing is also a profession, it is important for it to have its own theories that will help the nurses to understand their role and purpose in the medical sector. Nurses need to be recognized in their own profession and this can be achieved by establishing a unique body of knowledge and concepts. Therefore, nursing theories play a role in establishing the professionalism in Nursing by providing a different approach to health care and treatment from the one used by doctors. They play an important role in creating a boundary between medicine and nursing. They help in defining a nurse’s role in the hospital, medical field, or medical practice (Ahmad, 2010). Nursing theories play a role in reinforcing nursing practices for they provide education required in treatment and care of the patients. They help the nurses to understand why a certain procedure is carried out in a certain manner and help the students to react in an appropriate manner when faced by a particular situation. By providing the education needed, the nurses are able to carry out the actual practices that their nursing

The Future of the Renewable energy of Saudi Arabia(Jeddah) Dissertation

The Future of the Renewable energy of Saudi Arabia(Jeddah) - Dissertation Example This much energy can power the entire nation for 72 years. It becomes evident from the study that as the country lies very near to the equator, it is the best place to harvest solar energy (Aljarbou, 2009). In addition, it is seen that Jeddah has an average of 5.78 kWh/m2/day of insolation because of its higher solar intensity. This is because of the altitude of the place. So, in order to meet the entire energy needs of Jeddah, that is calculated to be around 50.915 GWh/day, the total area required will be 36.64 km2 which is about 1.22 % of the total land area of Jeddah (ibid). Aljarboua also looks into the financial aspects of installing Photovoltaic technologies. Here, the picture is negative. When the economic analysis is conducted using the national renewable energy laboratory guidelines, it is found that the saving to investment ratio (SIR) is very poor in Saudi Arabia as compared to other nations. While the SIR is less than 0.13 in Saudi Arabia, it is much better in other natio ns. The reason for this poor SIR is the low price of energy in Saudi Arabia due to the easy availability of oil resources. That means, if the solar energy technology is to become economically beneficial, either the cost of fossil fuels should go considerably upwards, or the installation costs of the photovoltaic solar energy technologies should come dramatically down. So, in his study, Aljarboua takes the other cheaper forms of harvesting solar energy. Some of them are solar water heating (SWH), and ventilation air preheating (SVP). From the study, it becomes evident that the last two forms of harvesting solar energy are more suitable for Saudi Arabia. While photovoltaic technology has an SIR of 0. 1175, that of SWH is 0.52 and of SVP is 7.78. In addition, the pay back years also vary considerably. If the PV technology requires 149 years, SWH and SVP require only 33.5 and 2.25 years respectively. In fact, the use of solar energy has been rising in Saudi Arabia since 1960. The King A bdulaziz University for Science and Technology’s Energy Research Institute has conducted many studies on the utilization of solar energy. Some practical use of solar energy mentioned in the study are ‘lighting, cooling, water heating, crop/fruit drying, water desalination, operation of irrigation pumps, running of meteorological stations, road and tunnel lighting, road signals and traffic lights’ (â€Å"Renewable energy feasibility study†). Despite all these developments, the practical use of solar energy has not made notable progress. There are various reasons associated with this failure. The first one, according to Said, I.M.Ei-Amin and A. M. Al-Shehri (n.d.), is that oil is easily available in Saudi Arabia. In addition, the oil is more effective as an energy source and it has a considerably lower cost in the nation. The second major issue is the dust effect that reduces the availability of the solar energy by 10-20%. The third most important reason is that while the government provides subsidies for oil and electricity generation, the same subsidy is not available for the use of any non-renewable energy source (ibid). Photovoltaic cells The term ‘photovoltaic’ indicates that electricity is made from light. The most widely used material to make photovoltaic cells is silicon. There are three different varieties of photovoltaic cells; monocrystalline, polycrystalline, and amorphous

Three Mile Island Accident Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Three Mile Island Accident - Essay Example However, people sometimes become complacent in performing such tasks, particularly routinely tasks. This kind of attitude are the often causes of accidents (Accident Prevention, 2014). In the morning of March 28, 1979, a very serious incident happened in the Three Mile Island nuclear plant. A series of equipment failures took place. It was even compounded by human error which resulted to the exposure and partial meltdown of the nuclear reactors core. Operators did not seem to realize the impact of their actions while solving the problem. They even fail to prevent future complications because of their negligence. But the worst thing was that the people surrounding the area had no idea of the dangers that they are into. It even took several years before the truth came out with the help of the engineers and a robotic camera. This incident may raise a lot of questions. What could have been if this kind of accident was anticipated? If potential hazards were identified before operating the machines? Maybe the problem will not be this serious. What if they asked for help instead of hiding the truth? There could be more knowledgeable people who may offer help. Instead of escaping from the problem, it is better to solve it immediately to prevent further complications. Are the operators really aware of the risks and danger that this accident may give to the people and the environment? Well, they should be but with what happened, it is really hard to say. "Reducing Workplace Accidents: Advice for Employers.† Accident Prevention. European Agency for Safety and Heath at Work Website, n.d. Web. 17 Sept. 2014.

The Future of the Renewable energy of Saudi Arabia(Jeddah) Dissertation

The Future of the Renewable energy of Saudi Arabia(Jeddah) - Dissertation Example This much energy can power the entire nation for 72 years. It becomes evident from the study that as the country lies very near to the equator, it is the best place to harvest solar energy (Aljarbou, 2009). In addition, it is seen that Jeddah has an average of 5.78 kWh/m2/day of insolation because of its higher solar intensity. This is because of the altitude of the place. So, in order to meet the entire energy needs of Jeddah, that is calculated to be around 50.915 GWh/day, the total area required will be 36.64 km2 which is about 1.22 % of the total land area of Jeddah (ibid). Aljarboua also looks into the financial aspects of installing Photovoltaic technologies. Here, the picture is negative. When the economic analysis is conducted using the national renewable energy laboratory guidelines, it is found that the saving to investment ratio (SIR) is very poor in Saudi Arabia as compared to other nations. While the SIR is less than 0.13 in Saudi Arabia, it is much better in other natio ns. The reason for this poor SIR is the low price of energy in Saudi Arabia due to the easy availability of oil resources. That means, if the solar energy technology is to become economically beneficial, either the cost of fossil fuels should go considerably upwards, or the installation costs of the photovoltaic solar energy technologies should come dramatically down. So, in his study, Aljarboua takes the other cheaper forms of harvesting solar energy. Some of them are solar water heating (SWH), and ventilation air preheating (SVP). From the study, it becomes evident that the last two forms of harvesting solar energy are more suitable for Saudi Arabia. While photovoltaic technology has an SIR of 0. 1175, that of SWH is 0.52 and of SVP is 7.78. In addition, the pay back years also vary considerably. If the PV technology requires 149 years, SWH and SVP require only 33.5 and 2.25 years respectively. In fact, the use of solar energy has been rising in Saudi Arabia since 1960. The King A bdulaziz University for Science and Technology’s Energy Research Institute has conducted many studies on the utilization of solar energy. Some practical use of solar energy mentioned in the study are ‘lighting, cooling, water heating, crop/fruit drying, water desalination, operation of irrigation pumps, running of meteorological stations, road and tunnel lighting, road signals and traffic lights’ (â€Å"Renewable energy feasibility study†). Despite all these developments, the practical use of solar energy has not made notable progress. There are various reasons associated with this failure. The first one, according to Said, I.M.Ei-Amin and A. M. Al-Shehri (n.d.), is that oil is easily available in Saudi Arabia. In addition, the oil is more effective as an energy source and it has a considerably lower cost in the nation. The second major issue is the dust effect that reduces the availability of the solar energy by 10-20%. The third most important reason is that while the government provides subsidies for oil and electricity generation, the same subsidy is not available for the use of any non-renewable energy source (ibid). Photovoltaic cells The term ‘photovoltaic’ indicates that electricity is made from light. The most widely used material to make photovoltaic cells is silicon. There are three different varieties of photovoltaic cells; monocrystalline, polycrystalline, and amorphous

Age Discrimination Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Age Discrimination - Essay Example This type of discrimination can take many forms and can surface in many workplace areas. This paper highlights age discrimination, who it affects, where it is likely to surface, the laws constructed to prevent its occurrence, and also illustrates suggestions for today’s HR managers to prevent this form of discrimination from occurring. Age discrimination has many definitions, but can be best described as a situation which occurs when older workers are â€Å"avoided or excluded in everyday (business) activities because they are simply the wrong age† (Nussbaum, 2000). Age discrimination also involves denying the provision of job opportunities to older workers, such as a career-based promotion, in favor of promoting a younger individual for the management role. Age discrimination, when it occurs, impacts both the more seasoned worker and the business as well. For instance, the older employee who is experiencing discrimination based on age will not only see diminished job opportunities, but their emotional well-being can be impacted negatively. Despite the various legislation created to combat this growing form of discrimination, evidence suggests that age-related bias and discrimination is on the rise in contemporary business and in the broader society. According the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC), age-bias claims have soared in recent years, which is attributed to today’s economic conditions (Levitz and Shishkin, 2009). For instance, because many companies are currently looking for methods to reduce costs, lay-offs have become the cost-cutting choice when personnel and payroll costs begin to exceed salary and compensation budgets. In addition, recent changes to existing anti-discrimination laws have made it easier for laid-off employees to allege age bias as the rationale for why they lost their jobs (Levitz and Shishkin). However, why is the older worker being targeted for lay-offs over their younger,

Boston Beer Company Essay Example for Free

Boston Beer Company Essay 1. Evaluate the attractiveness of the craft beer segment relative to the market space occupied by the traditional Big Three. (tip: use the Five Forces framework). a. High Threat of new competition: over 600 of specialty beer companies were founded over the past five years, approximately 40% growth each years. In addition, the existence of contract brewing companies lead to low entry cost. b. High substitution: The attractiveness of craft brewing industry are majorly based on unique styles and flavors of beer. there are many different brands and styles of beer so the actual threat of substitutes is high. c. The intensity of competitive rivalry is also high: while there is a major growth of new entry, the market size shows little growth. This creates tremendous competitive pressures among the industry. d. Bargaining power of buyers: Switching cost for buyers are low, as there are many different substitution and options. companies has to consistently maintain high quality in order to retain customers. e. Bargaining power of suppliers: switching cost for suppliers are high for the traditional Big Three, as their supplies are tied to their own brewies. Craft brewing companies has the option of switch breweries in a relatively low cost, as the suppliers know they have options to supply other breweries. This allows them to charge higher prices than the big three. 2. Evaluate Boston Beers business model relative to Redhook and Petes, comparing their business models with respect to specific activities such as procurement, brewing, distribution, and marketing. BBC’s strategy of producing the highest quality of products, the company pursued four initiatives: high quality standards, contract brewing, intensive sales and marketing, and product line innovations. Unlike BBC and Pete’s, redhook relies on its own breweries. Redhook also established a strategic alliance with Anheuser-Busch whereby Redhook products were sold through the nation-wide network of 700 distributorships in exchange for a 25% equity stake in the company. \Similar to BBC, Pete’s operates on a contract brewing basis and stress heavily on marketing. In retrospect, BBC intended to remain a contract brewer exclusively, capitalizing on lower overhead and transportation costs while continuing to invest heavily in its branded products. Redhook believed that its long-term growth and profitability were best served by assembling the largest company-owned production capacity of any domestic craft brewer, guaranteeing production capacity in more than one geographic region of the United States. Redhook also made a substantial investment in distribution, gaining access to Anheuser Busch’s nation-wide network of resellers. Pete’s, on the other hand, appeared to be following a combination of these two strategies by producing its products at both company-owned and third-party breweries. 3. How realistic analysts long-term growth forecasts (25% to 40% for the craft-brewing segment)? Based on the porter five forces analysis, the craft brewing segment has many advantages over the traditional big three, which explains the 40% growth rate. However the large number of new entries companies has already created a tremendous amount of competitions among its own, which retard the long term growth in my opinion and makes the forecasts of 25% to 40% seem unrealistic. 4. What do you recommend to Boston Beer? a. While the US market size remains somewhat stable. By exporting globally, will introduce BBC to new markets and additional sales b. Forming strategic alliance will help combat the increasing competition among industries.

Globalization is an ongoing process

Globalization is an ongoing process Globalization is a wide term and a difficult one to define. The definition that most people seem to agree upon is that globalization is an ongoing process of economical, social and cultural integration between countries all over the world through a global network of communication, transportation and trade. When used in economic context, globalization refers to the reduction and removal of barriers between national borders in order to facilitate the flow of goods, capital, services and labor. Globalization became very important topic of discussion and concern in economic circles in the middle 1990s. Even though global common market promotes the freedom of exchange of goods and capital, the interconnectedness of these markets can mean that economic crisis in one country can impact other countries. The best evidence is recent global economic crisis. Also, thanks to the revolution in communication, transportation technology and improved availability of information companies now can produce goods and services in the countries where workers have the lowest wages and health benefits as well as least worker protection which can lead to job loses and sweatshops. A number of people argue that globalization has weakened the position of poor countries and exposed the poor to harmful competition so they demand additional reforms, be they institutional or economic. BODY OF THE TEXT: Its hard to prove that globalization is precisely what does or doesnt cause poverty since links between globalization and poverty are indirect. For example, poverty can be measured in a lot of different ways; from countrys average or overall well being. Also many people have been poor during the history for many different reasons that cant be attributed to globalization, but as developing countries became more integrated into the world trading process over the past 20 years, world poverty rates have steadily fallen. Despite this, many studies in this particular subject suggest that globalization has caused rising inequality, meaning that the poor do not always share in the gains from global trade. In general, global market competition rewards people with initiative and skills while poor people are handicapped by their lack of access to capital and so they have problems adjusting to the changing market. The fact that the GDP (Gross Domestic Product) of the 41 heavily indebted poor cou ntries is less than the wealth of the worlds 7 richest people combined is the best evidence of rising inequality. Export growth and incoming foreign investments have reduced poverty all around the world but at the same time currency crises have increased. Links between globalization and poverty dont depend solely on trade or financial globalization but on the interaction of globalization with the rest of the economic environment such as investments in human capital and infrastructure, worthy institutions, governance and macroeconomic stability that includes flexible exchange rates. World Bank proved in their research that besides openness to trade many other factors such as macroeconomic policies or investment climate affect one`s country economy. Usually, the hardest part is achieving that foreign capital flows unboundedly.A good example of opening to trade is China that made the most of foreign investments. Investment climate is one of the key points of successful trade for poor countries. It refers to regulations and environment in which a company operates. World Bank stimulated countries to measure investment climate and find the source of their problems that require urgent solutions. This kind of research was conducted in Bangladesh, China, India and Pakistan where they covered different types of companies like garment and electronic and discovered that the biggest problem concern weaknesses in governance. Also, indicators of investment climate are period that material is held on the custom and installation of a telephone line. In these areas, China came out as the best rated country so we may say that it used globalization for improvement. RICH COUNTRIES COULD HELP POOR ONES TO INTEGRATE Agriculture is a line of production where developed countries hold strong protectionism We mention it because it is a branch of production where poor countries could earn the most. For example, U.S. eliminates foreign producers by giving subsidies to their farmers. Annually they give 50 million dollars in subsidies while only thirty percent of that money goes to Africa through foreign aid. Pew research center conducted a survey which reveals that developing countries have problems with agriculture because rich countries refuse to break trade barriers. Even though living standards are advancing in the developing world it is not the case in the poor countries, especially in Africa. The differences between rich and poor are getting more obvious day by day. It is very sad that almost half of the world, over three billion people, live on less than 2,5 dollars a day while at least 80 percent of humanity lives on less than 10 dollars a day. According to UNICEF, 22 thousand children die every day due to poverty. They die quietly in the poorest villages on Earth. Apart from hunger, diseases that kill them are hepatitis A and B, malaria, cholera, AIDS, yellow fever and many other. . Also water problems are not rare, they affect half of humanity. About billion people entered 21st century unable to sign their names or read a book. The industrial countries have to make greater efforts to open their markets and develop country exports. In poor Asian economies like Bangladesh, Vietnam or Cambodia large numbers of women have to work in garment export factories at wages that are low by world standards but are much more higher than what they would earn in alternative occupations. In spite of that wealthy countries benefit the poor, their assistance isnÂÂ ´t enough to make them independent. Reasons why countries didn`t manage to set up are various according to IMF. They might be weakness of administration like corruption, spending money on irrelevant projects instead of investing in appropriate ones or suggesting projects that support interests of rich countries. Concerning this, market competition is practically unbearable for poor countries so they usually don`t profit from globalization. CONCLUSION: Globalization has reduced poverty especially by removal of barriers between national borders and raising awareness about global problems such as poverty, illness and hunger thanks to the revolution in communication but its also responsible for rising inequality since small businesses and third world countries are not capable to update their technology as often as their larger, wealthier counterparts but even the poor gain something from globalization. Most countries have moved ahead with trade and exchange liberalization. What rich countries should do is to support development of health and education, set aside as much money as possible and free up the trade. Apart from that, rich countries should concern aid as a part of their GDP ( Gross domestic Product) because it seems to be at its lowest points since it was instituted.To make poor countries benefit from globalization, actions at national and international level must be undertaken.

Essay --

This paper explores the correlation between a person’s personality and their zodiac sign. Multiple human subjects from each of the twelve zodiac signs were asked to take a 70-question personality test. The results of each survey were compared to the answer key for their respective zodiac sign. The answer keys were created by answering a survey from the point of view of each zodiac sign separately by using a basic description of what astrology says a person’s personality should be based on their zodiac sign. The amount of questions the subject answered the same with their answer key was added to each of the other results in that zodiac category. After all of the results were received for each zodiac group, an ANOVA test was performed to determine whether there was a significant variance in data between the 12 groups. To further test the data, the total number of points received on each survey in a group was averaged to decide whether each group was similar to their zodi ac personality. After experimentation, the results conclude that there was a significant difference in the results from each group. Because of this conclusion, it was proven that there is no significant correlation between a person’s personality and their zodiac sign. Astrology can be defined in many ways, one being â€Å"the study of occult influences of stars on human affairs† (â€Å"What is Astrology?†). Another interpretation of this definition is the prediction of a person’s personality and life events based on the placement on stars. â€Å"’Astrology wants to be religion and science at the same time† (Schoener). Whether Astrology is a real science or a theory based on lies is a widely debated topic between many people ranging from well-established scientists to everyday ci... ...rological predictions because the current system is very vague. Due to a very small sample size of each zodiac sign (one group only had 5 subjects), it may be beneficial to conduct the experiment with larger groups in order to increase the accuracy of the results. Also, a more comprehensive survey could be used to increase accuracy. Because participants knew what the survey was going to be about beforehand, they could have filled it out according to how they want to be viewed rather than how they really are. The survey used for this project seemed to focus on whether someone was more intellectual or creative exclusively. Despite the areas of possible effort, it is important to note that the results of this experiment should not be brushed off and further experimentation on the legitimacy of astrology should be conducted to validate the results of this experiment.

Abstract Advantages and Disadvantages of Technology Essay

Statement of the Problem This study sought to identify the advantages and disadvantages of modern technology based on the perception of 2nd year BSAMT students. Specifically it answers the following questions 1. What are the reasons of the students in using modern technology? 2. What are the effects of using modern technology in the learning of students? 3. How can the students maximize the use of technology in learning? Research Design The design of this study is a survey method which refers to a descriptive approach. It has the intention to determine the correlation between subtopics. Included in this study’s sample population of hundreds respondents to ensure the validity of the estimate of the overall relationship between the variables obtained. Findings 1. The total number of respondents that comprised our data gathering is 168 2nd year BS Aircraft Maintenance Technology from different sections. 2. Most 2nd year AMT students take 1-2 hours/day of WIFI usage for Educational purposes pointing out that using technology students can lessen their time in doing their homework. Though some takes more than 3 to 5 or even more hours in using it indicating that they are mostly using the internet nowadays rather than books. 3. If WIFI was ever possible in the school the respondents mostly answered that they will use it generally for learning unlike the other respondents you answered to use it for playing and socializing. WIFI connection brings us the world wide web to the palm of  our hands it may be advantages for learning it is still open disadvantages such as gaming and socializing which is a distraction in a students learning. 4. Ever since technology incorporated applications in our mobile phones it has helped us every day from personal and school activities indicating that it is now essentials in our lifestyle since the respondents answered mostly that mobile phones and their apps is the biggest benefit of using digital media in the classroom. 5. PATTS is on the verge in improving and incorporating technology in its facilities and from the respondents they have chosen that the school should focus on mounting projectors in each classroom together with speakers to integrate audio visual learning which will benefit the students well because through the use of projectors instructors can now PowerPoint their lessons, play videos to understand complicated things like (e.g. â€Å"how a rocket works?†) 6. The school has provided its library with computers so it can help students research topics and lessons in the school with internet. Though it lacks performance in terms of the computers being used that it needs improvement as said by the respondents that the internet connection is sometimes not working and the computers performance is slow and laggy therefore reducing its worth and functionality in the school. 7. Respondents answered that projectors is neither agree nor disagree in making them more active and attentive in class. Agree because they are able to understand the lessons very well and disagree because they tend to be sleepier because some instructors just read their presentations. 8. Internet/online is better than books is neither agree nor disagree. Agree because they are a lot easier to find by simply using a computer and just copy paste and printing it. While others answered disagreeing because some online e references are opinionated therefore not good sources for getting information. 9. Taking pictures of lessons written on the board is better than writing notes is neither agree nor disagree. Agree because you don’t have to write anymore and just saved photos and just view it later and also you don’t have to bring notebooks anymore. Disagree because they don’t have high pixeled camera to take pictures from their phones or better yet they still prefer writing in notebooks. 10. Respondents answered neither agree nor disagree in taking notes by using camera, it will be difficult to remember and understand the topic discussed. Agree because they will just  lean to their picture notes therefore not reading or even studying it. Disagree because with their notes they can study them on their phones. 11. Using laptops and projectors in class make learning more efficient is neither agree nor disagree. Agree because they can use laptops to help them in their studying habits, disagree because they tend to use notebooks and just prefer to listen to their instructors. Conclusions Based on the respondents answer and the researchers findings and interpretations. The researchers has derived conclusions that would give clarity to what this thesis is seeking to answer. 1. The reasons why students use modern technology in learning because it helps them in their studying habits and even doing their homework with ease. It also is a tool in the classroom through projectors which also helps the instructors deliver their lessons clearly. Through the internet we can research information obtained from google understanding things more gaining more ideas. 2. The effects of using modern technology in learning of the students have its good and bad sides. Good because the research time span for researching will decrease and it can help in finding more information in a short time. With that we can gain more ideas about the topic to make class discussions more interesting at school. Making the student more ready for school. The bad side when it is not used properly and it is merely used for gaming and socializing rather than learning it can create may distractions for students and it can also be a cause for them to fail their classes. Therefore it is still in the students choice whether he will use it wisely. 3. Students can maximize their learning when their school technology incorporated already using modern technology in their curriculum. Like WIFI connections and computers with programs to help each and every student in their school activities. Also we have to raise awareness to students on how technology be able to aid them in their studies therefore maximizing their learning capabilities and ideas. Recommendations According to the conducted research, survey and observation by the researchers, Modern technology is neither advantage nor disadvantage but, if PATTS is willing to put money on improving its facilities it will be an advantage. 1. In order for the PATTS to cope up with schools, PATTS should incorporate modern technology in their curriculum to improve the education of its courses to have a name especially in the aviation industry. An aviation school like PATTS needs a major upgrade especially in its enrollment system school nowadays use online enrollment and they can even view their grades at home. 2. Researchers recommend that PATTS should try M-LEARNING (what is M-Learning? Is a new educational paradigm, that creates an environment in which students access to course materials, instructions and applications anytime and anywhere) taking the school’s curriculum to a technology based learning bring a lot of opportunities in one students learning for example with M-Learning a student can study anywhere as long as there is access to an internet connection, can work at own pace and can accommodate different learning styles through different activities. 3. Given the idea that 2nd year AMT students in PATTS have neither agreed nor disagreed about the advantages and disadvantages of modern technology in their learning we would like to recommend the study be conducted again. Given the changing nature of technology a series of studies, based on our model, would document improvements and thereby increase the potential that decisions regarding the composition of modern technology in learning would lessen bias and answer the question whether modern technology is a neither advantage nor disadvantage in learning.

Marilyn Monroe Essay

I have way too many influential people in my life. One too many. However there is one person I’ve looked up to for the past couple of years that really stood out from all the rest and although she doesn’t live today, I’m sure many young girls such as I look up to her and see her as an inspirational icon. Her birth name is Norma Jeane Mortenson but she’s greatly known today by her stage name, â€Å"Marilyn Monroe†. She was an actress, singer, model, showgirl, and soon also became a major sex symbol.   I look up to Marilyn, not only because of how good-looking she was, but because Marilyn Monroe was an incredible person that had gone through soooo many rough patches all throughout her life. She was very up front and bold and didn’t give a damn about what anyone thought about her and what she did, she was very smart. Not just book-smart, but street-smart too. Marilyn Monroe was an amazing person and I can go on and on about her and how wonderful she was. And still is to this day. Read more:  Person to admire essay Marilyn Monroe, as I said, had many rough patches all throughout her life. In a way, she relates to me. Very rebellious and like I said earlier, didn’t care what anyone else around her thought about her, just as long as she had her fun. She was a singer, which is one thing I most definitely love about her. Also, the fact that Marilyn has many of these quotes†¦ if you read all of the quotes from Marilyn Monroe, you’d definitely fall in love with them, just like I have. She came out to be deep and wise with the words she had left behind for the entire world to know. She seems to me†¦ as a realist and also a feminist, which I DEFINITELY LOVE to death, because I’m both a realist and also a feminist. The way she was growing up†¦ it seemed to me that everyone, well most, had tried bringing her down and holding her back most of her life. Telling her in a way that she couldn’t become whatever she wanted to become. That she wouldn’t be able to peruse any of her dreams. That she really wouldn’t go anywhere in her life. Despite all of the let downs and all the people who had tried to bring her down, Marilyn Monroe was still a strong person, who, despite what anyone said, proved them all wrong. I respect and look up to Marilyn Monroe for her confidence, her beauty, her  talent, and also for her perspective on many things in life. Although she had died at such a young age, Marilyn truly did bring out the meaning of â€Å"living life to the fullest†. She made the best out of her life. Had fun, day and night. She had persued her dreams and I look up to her for it because she just basically shows that you can do anything only if you set your mind to it and you let no one get in your way. It’s one of the reasons why I admire Marilyn Monroe so much.

The Indian Community

There are different communities around the world serving different purposes. A community tends to affect everyone's life one way or the other by interacting with every individual. Community describes a group of people who have something in common, even though every human is unique. By belonging to the Indian community, I have interacted more with its cultural community, social community, and school community. People all over India belongs to a variety of different communities depending upon their geographic location, values and beliefs, social and recreational interests, history, culture, and language, education and skills, family and race. Apart from the existence of different communities Cultural, Language, Social, and School communities are highly eminent in the Indian community. Culture is an important part of the Indian community. Indian culture has taught me several different things such as how to behave in front of others, how to respect others, how to perform my duties in order, and many other significant guidelines. My culture includes various religious activities such as performing â€Å"Pooja,† a Hindu religion ritual, when somebody bought a new house or for the well being of their family. My sister is also involved in many religious performances like â€Å"Garba,† which is a dance activity done to worship a Hindu goddess â€Å"Amba. † Dance is considered to be a form of art and is of great significance for my family. Certainly, there are several religious festivals in my culture among which the famous one is â€Å"Diwali,† the festival of lights, which is celebrated in honor of Lord Rama on his return to home from exile after fourteen years in jungle. As a child I was always exited to light the firecrackers and eat lots of sweets during the festival of â€Å"Diwali. † Language is also an important constituent of Indian culture since people in Indian community speak several different languages. Hindi, the national language of India, and English are used as the buffer languages by the people of Indian community since they primarily speak their own state languages. My primary language is my state language, Gujarati, then come Hindi, English, Sanskrit, and Spanish, which I learned after coming to United States. In my culture, elders are given the priority of making the decisions in the family and to guide others from their experiences how to make judgments during critical situations. A strong bond of unity prevails in the family, which helps to share joy and sorrow of everyone in the family. Another important aspect of the Indian community is Society. Social community greatly interacts with me in the terms of my relationship towards my relatives, cousins, neighbors, friends, and many others with whom I deal with on a daily basis. Everyone older than me has to be called with a respectful name or a subtitle. I have to go with my family on social visits to my relatives' house on our religious occasions and ceremonies like wedding, birthdays, etc. When we visit someone's house during a New Year day or some special occasions we give them a gift, a box of sweets or usually its money that we offer. There are usually frequent visits from my cousins and friends during the summer time so that we can enjoy our vacation together. For instance, we all would play â€Å"Cricket† in the open fields of the farm in my village and climb up the mango trees to get some raw mangoes. My neighbors around us are very helpful and caring people. A major part in my life and the Indian community is the School community. School community greatly emphasizes on the educational programs than any other programs like athletic, different kinds of clubs, etc. Education is considered as a prestige of the family in the Indian community and highly signifies the family status. My school life in India was the true experience of discipline, manner, and respect for others. Indian schools are strict about the education and so every school enforce rules and regulations of their own. Schools have their own uniforms and guidelines, which every student like me should follow and obey them. My exams were much harder back in my country, India, than they are in United States, in the terms that there were not multiple choice questions, there were mostly essay questions, and in addition to that sometimes we have two final exams in one day. My school life in India is by far the best part of my life that I have ever enjoyed. Thus, Cultural, Language, Social, and School communities in the Indian community are the important aspects of Indian life. The complex nature of these various sub-communities in the Indian community has made them so important that each one can be explored more extensively. As each of these communities is not static, but rather changeable and interdependent on each other. Further more, in-depth analysis of these sub-communities would describe the Indian community as a whole.