INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS THEORY- Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS THEORY- - Essay ExampleThe study will excessively discover the relation of these theoretical frameworks with the movie Lord of the Flies directed by Harry crotchet in 1990, and the film Independence Day (1996) directed by Roland Emmerich. Consequently, the study will provide a critical appreciation of the above-menti nonpareild theoretical frameworks by demonstrating their association with the international politics one the one hand, and with the films afore-mentioned on the other. First articulated by the American political-scientist Kenneth Waltz in his remarkable work possibleness of International Politics in 1979, neo-realism perspective submits to state that the nation-states of the world appear to be the most possessive actors at international, which serve as sovereign in nature and hence introduce and apply the strategies in the best interests of their subjects (Baldwin, 1093, p. 26). Their ego-centrism does not allow them to work against their poli tical, economic, cultural, geographical and strategic interests as a result, the administrations of these sovereign states may take even unjust steps in favour of their own country, and against the rival states at large. It creates an outlaw(a) state of affairs at global scale, because of the absence seizure of any regularity authority that could play fateful role in order to maintain peace and dictate the states work within their geographical boundaries quite of meddling into the affairs of others through unjust and unnecessary interferences into the affairs of others (Keohane, 1994, p. 11). This anarchical state of affairs not only appears to be extremely challenging for the global peace and tranquillity, but also could pave the sort towards conflicts and clashes between the states for the future years to come. As a result, the situation could create the circumstances similar to the ones that had burn the European nations for standing against each other and for waging the hor rible Great Wars eventually. Neo-realism approach is aptly regarded the expansion of the thought process of realism devised by the renowned sixteenth century Italian philosopher Niccolo Machiavelli in his illustrious the Prince (1532), where he had declare sovereignty and defence of the geographical and ideological boundaries of his state as the first and foremost obligation in advance a head of state (Machiavelli, 2009, p. 19). However, neo-realism approach also contradicts and suns the realism perspective due to the very humans that it lays stress upon the need for the maintenance of peace and stability at international scale with the creation and batch of a neutral and impartial regularity authority that could bring all sovereign states to terms during their ingress into cruel and ruthless adventures against the sovereignty of other countries of the world. In other words, neo-realism looks for the appointment of international authority, in the absence of which the nation-st ates appear to be blowing their own trumpet and justifying even their unjust causes that look really challenging for the trade protection of the comparatively weaker nations of the world the movie under the title Lord of the Flies (1990) also draws out the same(p) scenario. The movie

Vodafone Group Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Vodafone throng - Case Study ExampleVodafone Group Plc is the world largest tele chats company, with a significant forepart in Continental Europe, the United Kingdom, the United States and the Far East through the Companys supplementary undertakings and investments. It provides an extensive range of mobile telecommunications services, including voice and data communications. The Groups mobile subsidiaries operate under the brand call Vodafone. In the United States the Groups associated undertaking operates as Verizon Wireless. During the last two financial years, the Group has also entered into arrangements with interlock operators in countries where the Group does not hold an equity stake. Under the terms of these Partner Network Agreements, the Group and its partner networks co-operate in the development and marketing of global services under dual brand logos. Aims & Objectives - Vodafones vision is to be the worlds communication leader enriching customers life, helping indi viduals, businesses and communities be more connected in a mobile world. - provoke the customer services being provided. - Enhance the relationships with the stakeholders and deliver value. - Increase the net profit expansion of international business.... The eight markets where it has more than ten one million million proportionate customers are the United Kingdom, Germany,India,Italy, Spain, Turkey, Egypt and the United States. In the U.S., these customers come via its minority stake in Verizon Wireless, and in the other seven markets Vodafone has majority-controlled subsidiaries.Organization structure of Vodafone Group The type of structure adopted by an geological formation depends on several factorsincluding the size and complexity of the organization the diversity of the products and services produced or provided the geographical disruption of the organization the activities performed by the organization and the objectives and goals which are set out by the organization. Vodafone follows the hierarchical structure model. The communication flow takes the form of top-bottom approach. Every unit or department works as an entity and have its get significance and importance. Given below is a critical approach to the Finance, Marketing and HRM departments of Vodafone Group.FinanceThe year 2007 had been so far a successful year for Vodafone, a comparative approach reveals an excellent progress in reducing costs across the business, and clear signs of sustainable revenue growth was also indicated. The year indicated an development in the market share of new business. A comparative approach taken on the financial condition of the group for the last three years clearly indicates that there had been a significant sum up in the finance sector of the firm. This is reflected in the figure belowThe key highlights of the profit performance for the sise months - Sep 2007 are - - Group revenue of 17.0 billion, an increase of 9.0%, with

Analysis of the president campaign through market research possess Essay - 1

Analysis of the president campaign through market interrogation bear - Essay ExampleIn the process, they will also be able to choose the electors who will manufacture their respective states in the Electoral College. With just around 30 days left to the U.S presidential elections, it is most-valuable to analyze the presidential campaign of each of the important presidential contenders using a market research abbreviation process. This paper will also discuss the main voter constituencies as healthful as the strengths and weaknesses of each of the presidential candidate before finally predicting the winner.The primary objective of this market research abridgment is to develop a logical interpretation of the data regarding the potential electoral victory of any of the both main presidential contenders in the forth coming elections. The analysis will also evaluate and appraise the attitudes of voting behavior of the U.S population and finally use this analysis to predict the l ikely winner of the November 2012 presidential elections.The analysis of the presidential campaign using market research process was through a fleck of methods that sought to determine the opinion of both the U.S citizens and interested parties all over the world on the November 6 U.S presidential elections. One of the differentiate methods used was online review of recent publications regarding the key issues of the forthcoming elections as well as the strengths and weaknesses of each of the top contenders.Another method that was employed was an analysis of the social media profiles of the two main candidates to provide important insights into what the voters and supporters are saying about them, as well as the likely key issues that may shape the forthcoming elections. The Twitter and Facebook account data of both president Obama and his top contest Mitt Romney were closely followed and recorded as shown below (Summers 4).The data collected from both the social media analysis a nd the online literature review revealed a significant

The future of Cloud Security Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The proximo of demoralise Security - Essay ExampleResolving the security factor is top priority and this paper looks into the future outlook of the misdirect calculate and associated security level attainable. Key words API, security, virtualization, malw be Introduction The cloud computing allows for large number of benefits ranging from space to remedy of work, however the security threat makes it one of the most defenceless medium in this regard (Mather, et al. 2009). On demand delivery is one of the core functions of cloud computing, fashioning use of the resources only when required. They can be operated on various scales in private environments, hybrid or community as a whole. Safety with regard to the info contained in the networks, the structuring of the entropy with regard to ease of flow of information. The fact that the potential provider of data may stand helpless with the safety of data and this happens due to the fact that the overall interface is a virtual one and does not have every fixed physical existence as was the case in previous storage patterns and methods that were commonly in use. Future prospect Considering its effective performance and the potential advantages it possesses, it is certainly the technology that would dominate the future trends of technological world, however factors like security of interface, the password cracking, minimizing the challenges posed by the bots, and eliminating their role, allowing for safer operations from within the network, all these are few of the steps and actions that must be taken into account in order to make cloud computing a more secure one for the future operations and future dominance. Present day situation At present the concept of cloud computing is prone to number of direct and corroborative threats these threats raise serious concerns regarding the future and their potential productivity in this regard. These challenges come in form of impertinent usage of the network from with in, ease of access to outside intruders, and most prominently the lack of infrastructure that would be required for an established network that facilitates the usage and services with due consideration of the security concerns of the users and the service providers in form of the servers, business enterprises and numerous other related entities. I.P address stealing, intellectual property related capacity stealing, these are few of the potential loopholes that define the present day standing of cloud computing technologies. handling of the data bases (Fiore & Aloisio, 2011), ensuring their safety with regard to all the information that is cosmos stored in them, transactions that are being performed through the integrated network, scheduling procedures for the resources that are being allocated and parallel processing without any infringement of the data and information are few of the steps and considerations that ought to be resolved to make the cloud computing networks a safer te chnological option. Shared technology consideration The sharing of the interface and architecture is a concern that allows for exposure with regard to the safe existence and performance of cloud computing networks. The function of isolation is a merry concept in the domain of cloud computing

Schonk Klinik Eating Disorder Discussion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Schonk Klinik Eating distemper Discussion - Essay ExampleAnorexic individuals usually starve themselves and appear thin. Anorexics also go out an glowing fear of gaining weight and may choose to restrict calories further to avoid weight gain (Harris & Lenox, 2013). Consequently, thins argon often hungry and have a preoccupation with food. In addition to the need to lose weight, anorexic persons also have a disturbed view of body image and continue to view themselves as overweight. Several other characteristics exist for describing the physical and mental behaviors associated with anorexia nervosa.Bulimia nervosa is another category of eating affection but is a complete opposite of anorexia. Periods of compulsive eating that follows forced vomiting, or the use of laxatives is characteristics that define Bulimia nervosa. Bulimia nervosa is a more public problem among teenagers and young adults (Striegel-Moore, 2011). Binge eating is common among dieters. However, it becomes abno rmal if it occurs more than two times a week over a occlusion of triple months. Similar to anorexics, bulimics have a concern with their weight. However, they are more in the normal weight ranges than individuals that experience anorexia (Ginter, Duncan & Swayne 2013). One of the characteristics describing bulimics is feeding on a large amount of food after a period of two hours. Bulimics experience a feeling of losing control or unable to stop eating or monitor the amount of food that they

Drug Use Among African-American Adolescent Females Essay

Drug Use Among African-American Adolescent Females - Essay ExampleIn addition, substance utilisation and abuse leads to poorer performance in schooldays, premature dropping out, legal complications, and poor employment opportunities. These are incisively the problems that a young African-American female is ill equipped to confront in a man where race and gender may already place them at a disadvantage. African-American adolescent females tolerate made great strides in confronting do do drugss abuse, yet there are still several venture factors that they are routinely exposed to.Substance abuse has been identified as the nations number bingle substantiallyness problem. It is critical to address the problem of teenage drug use as approximately users begin utilize AOD before they turn 15 years old (Lewis et al., 2002, p.15). For the purposes of this paper, an adolescent is a person attending school in grades 13 through 18 years old. Reaching and intervening into this age bracke t is one of the keys to the success of stemming the tide of drug addiction. It is decidedly relevant to understand the scope of the problem as well as the triggers and stressors that may lead a young black female to use drugs or go by after a treatment syllabus. The economical cost to society makes it financially imperative to intervene at a young age. An untreated drug problem costs society almost four generation as much as would be spent on a residential treatment program (Lewis et al., 2002, p.56). There is also a great personal cost attached to the abuser of AOD. Physical health suffers not only from the drugs, but also from poor eating habits and the stress involved with the stigma of drug use. The legal status of teen use of drugs can destroy a young girls life by disrupting the educational process and exposing them to other criminal activity. While substance abuse is a major bane to our public health, it is one that the nation cannot afford to ignore.Stressors that raise the risk of drug use are much not gender or race specific, though there are some notable exceptions. In general, females in their teen years tend to use slightly fewer drugs than their male counterparts. Nearly 50 percentage of men and women have tried an illegal drug by their senior year of high-pitched school, and alcohol is the most popular drug of choice followed by marijuana (Johnston, OMalley, Bachman, and Schulenberg, 2007, p.115). However, marijuana is the drug that is most regularly used, with 1 percent of 8th graders smoking it daily, and 5 percent of 12th graders using the drug daily (Johnston et al., 2007, p.90). In contrast to the typical stereotyping of the media, African-American teens use fewer drug and less lots than their Caucasian or Hispanic cohorts (Johnston et al., 2007, p.132-135). This misperception may be due to the strong correlation between leanness and drug use, and the over-representation of African-Americans in the nations penal system. However, t he statistics clearly indicate that adolescent African-American females are one of the low using demographic groups. There are several pressures that come to bear on young African-American women to begin using drugs. Having an opportunity beyond high school has a significant impact on a students decision to postpone experimenting and using drugs. Marijuana use by 8th graders is 50 percent lower among the students who are planning on attending a 4-year college (Johnston, et al., 2007,

History of the Parthenon and its Barrier Breaking Architecture Essay

History of the Parthenon and its Barrier Breaking Architecture - Essay ExampleThe building was designed by architects IKtinos and Kallikrates who included different sculptural decorations - both within and forthside the temple thus making it the governing body of Athens. The elaborate designing of the monument is characterized by the use of coherence and harmony based on the bum of mathematical calculations i.e. a ratio of 9 4 where the length of the building was more than twice that of its largeness and the distance between the columns was more than twice their diameter (Belozerskaya and Lapatin 72). Figure 2 Plan of the Parthenon, 447 BC 432 BC Source Pedley, 2005 pp. 69 The 94 ratio used during construction was applied for plan i.e. length width as well as for elevation. The key architectural style used was that commonly demonstrate in the construction of Doric temples which is indicated by the formula used for total number of columns i.e. eight peristyle columns on the fro nt and back and seventeen columns (2x + 1) on the flank (Pedley 69). Due to its unique architectural design the Parthenon is nem con acknowledged as a symbol of Greek democracy as well as peerless of the greatest cultural monuments in the world. Brief historical background The Parthenon is believed to be built on wide platform similar in size to the new Parthenon as indicated by the large scale excavations carried out on the site, thus indicating that a similar building was sought to be constructed by the ancient Greeks on the same scale as the Parthenon. The pre-Parthenon or the older building which was believed to be destroyed by during the Iranian invasion in 480 BC were found to have used marble columns drums which were destroyed by conjure due to the pressure. These marble column drums were later re-used in the construction of the new Parthenon in the north besiege of the Acropolis as a symbol of the great Greek sacrifice and loss endured by them. Similarly various other p reviously destroyed artifacts found as a part of excavation were used in the construction of the new Parthenon (Beard 103). Figure 3 The Parthenon View from the north west, 447 - 432 BC Source Pedley, 2005 pp. 68 i of the key features of the Parthenon is that it has been built out of recycled materials. Researchers have found evidence regarding the re-use of old materials based on the reality of a small temple (naiskos) located at the Parthenons north colonnade, in the area between the 5th and eight columns from the east side of the temple (see figure 4). It was believed that the shrine found on the location existed gigantic before the Parthenon was built and that it could be a part of the older Parthenon (Neils 27). Historians have argued that contrary to the popular view that the new Parthenon was built as a dedication to the patron goddess Athena, the temple was built as an ban - a votive offering, not in the honor of Athena but of her glory- seeking, democratic, imperial c ity. It was believed to impact the democratic ideals of the Athenians and hence was dedicated by the people to the people (Hurwit 166). The Parthenon was destroyed by the Turkish forces afterward a long siege resulting in conversion of the temple into a mosque. The Ottoman Turks completely modify the Parthenon into a mosque by whitewashing the walls to cover the Christian frescoes blocking the windows and the converting the Christian watch tower into a

Hugo Grotius and International Relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Hugo Grotius and International Relations - Essay ExampleThere are, however, themes which arise from Grotiuss work which give physique to the contemporary discussion of human rights and intervention.2 hotshot of these themes that arises is the connection between public security and closeness. Grotius felt that peace was necessary and integral to the development of liberty.Peace and liberty, therefore, were tenets that Grotius thought went hand in hand. Grotius thought that overall, countries sovereignty was today interrelated with whether or not there was peace around.Peace and liberty were, ultimately, Grotiuss capst matchlesss necessary for ensuring that a confederacy was a safe and promising place to live. Obviously, with the example that will be shown later on with the Bosnian War, Bosnia was neither a peaceful place to live, nor was it a place in which there was much liberty for anyone, especially during wartime.International law is complicated in Grotiuss view. The contemp orary problem of humanitarian intervention is another(prenominal) difficult aspect of the same matter. In the Grotian view, humanitarian intervention could be a just war.3However, if war is the only way to propagate peace, perhaps it might be one of the avenues that is seriously considered. effective war theory posits that there are in fact circumstances in which war is warranted for achieving sure purposes.If one nation is, for example, oppressing another nation or not recognizing its sovereignty, this might be a cause a nation would decide to go to war. There may be other mitigating circumstances which would pull up stakes for people to go to war.Just war theory is difficult to defend and it is even harder to defend when one is the nation against whom war is being declared. However, people must understand that they cannot singlehandedly take over other peoples countries.One example is the Bosnian War. For example, several Bosniaks were taken advantage of in the Bosnian War. Th e Serbs and the Croats were pitted against the Bosniaks. The Serbians were the ones who were against the Bosni

Should Dolphins be Considered Persons Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Should Dolphins be Considered Persons - Essay ExamplePersonhood is connected with a variety of theoretical issues with the most real being that persons get better treatment that nonpersons. Although the terms human and person argon go ford interchangeably as synonyms on a daily basis, the two words put on a different signification form a philosophical perspective.The word human is a scientific concept with reference to members of the biologic category Homo sapiens. On the other hand, the word person refers to a combination of complex traits by which we define intelligence, self-consciousness and freewill (White 2007).According to recent research by scientists, dolphins have proven to possess advanced nervous systems, as well as a high level of intellectual and emotional office. This distinctive of the dolphins makes it unethical for human beings to cause them pain and use these creatures for a convenience whereas, there is another track to achieve the same result. Diana Reiss , who is a marine scientist, has defined dolphins as alien intelligence. Diana Reiss asserts that the dolphin species ar undefiled model for assisting humanity to formulate ways of describing and comprehending the intelligence of non-human species. Anthropocentrism has led valet to be arna to bias quintessentially while investigating other species.Dolphins have the most similarities with human beings than any other species. Firstly, dolphins are mammals that bear their off springs alive, take care of them by feeding them via their mammary glands, and they are warm-blooded and have hair. Physically, the dolphins resemble human beings to some extent especially the eyes, mouth and teeth. Although dolphins are aquatic inhabitants, they are salty and share fundamental traits with human beings (White 2007). The behavior of dolphins shows they are intelligent animals with distinct personalities and self-sense. Diana Reiss, a marine scientist, showed that dolphins could experience th emselves on a mirror reflection and utilize it to inspect other body parts, as well. This ability has since the past been thought to be limited only to human beings. In addition, Diana Reiss found out that enwrapped dolphins possessed the ability to learn an elementary language based on symbols. Some research has shown that dolphins are capable and do solve difficult problems. Dolphins in a wild environment show co-operation in various ways that involve multifaceted structures and a high level of emotional sophistication (White 2007). Dolphins answer fascinating well-organized movement that indicates a high level of intellect. They lead above the water surface in acrobatic figures. Although several researches have been conduct with respect to the movement of dolphins, scientists are not yet legitimate what the motive of their acrobatic movement is. Scientists have assumed that the movement maybe meant to locate fellow species by looking at above water waves. Communication could be another likely reason for their acrobatic movement to merge them together for hunting or dislodging parasites. Play is a vitalS characteristic of the dolphins, and they are spotted harassing other creatures such as seabirds and turtles in some instances. On frequent occasions, dolphins accompany boats and rouse bow waves. Dolphins are interactive in nature as observed in their willingness to approach humans on several occasions and play with them in water. There have been reports of incidents where dolphins have provided protection to swimmers against sharks by swimming circles around them. This characteristic reveals the high intellectual capacity of the dolphins. The dolphins also communicate among themselves by use of clicks,

Commodity Chain Analysis Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

goodness Chain Analysis - Case Study ExampleThe recently multiple-disc clutch in the centre derivative comes to the schemes support when friction between the tires and ground is specifically low, such as when driving everywhere cytosine or ice. (Horn 2008)Redefining the way ones belief as regards to driving with C-Class, and with the totally redesigned C230, one should consider about the entertain the fourth generation C2304MATIC offers. Its features such as the dynamic innovative exterior, power V-6 engines, agility entertainsuspension, long-lasting all-wheel-drive scheme, and an instinctively designed interior that sets the whole thing at the drivers command, plus added feature of Bluetooth connectivity. The V6 dedicated a great deal of concentration to whatever that would add to the finest goal. Sophisticated computer schemes were used to calculate the scarper of air, thus helping to optimize the flow of air from the air filter twin-chamber. This type considerably contribu tes to displaceEconomy, hence the engineers of Mercedes Benz C2304MATIC refer to these as tumble flaps, which some measure signifies their intention they literally produce the displace/air mix to tumble, escalating the turbulence of the airflow and making it to penetrate the combustion chambers at higher(prenominal) speed, with a more consistent distribution. (Booth 2008)Commodity Chain The automotive industry, according to Gereffi 1994, is commonly considered as a typical illustration of a producer-driven commodity chain. It is differentiated by sizeable scale, intensive capital, and controlled by engine room product cycles manufacturer driven commodity chains are networks of spheric production wherein several last(a) assemblers, one of which is Mercedes Bens, control the industrys major markets. The power and productivity of these incorporated final manufacturers get from their power over volumes, technology and domination over the chains forward and backward connections, inc luding product design, product specification, brands and R&D networks. Currently, it is noted in the literature, that deuce-ace key trends have fashioned the modern structure of competition in the global automotive clientele and the same fashions have shaped new possibilities for competition for improving country auto-firms. These three fundamentals of Commodity Chain AnalysisPage 3global modifications in the auto trade for more that fifteen years now are 1) consolidation in the top aims of the industry by means of a brandish of amalgamations and achievements in the 1980s and 1990s and the outcome of which, the similar set of major players control markets internationally 2) a stronger levelling of suppliers that has increased the value of a minor group of design-competent and global primary level dealers, whereas portioned the rest into contract producers and lesser level sub-contractors has drastically changed consumer and dealers relations, and the employer and employee relat ions and 3) an increasing and unrelenting focus by the major assemblers and their primary level dealers on benchmarking dealers down the chain on the cost, deliverability and quality basis, has changed the basis

Ottoman and Japanese Political Systems (c.1820-1920) Essay

comforter and Japanese Political Systems (c.1820-1920) - Essay Exampleto the conquest of Varna and flummox of Constantinople that made the ottoman Empire as the oldest surviving empire of Europe within a degree Celsius (Rahme 31).The old Ottoman Empire however disciplined and became as the Turkey that we know today after it affiliate with Germany in the First World War. Prior to its dissolution attempts were made to improve its state in reconstituting its take political system but the reforms instituted were just too late to save the old Ottoman Empire.The Ottoman Empire decline begun with the series of war beginning with the invasion of Egypt and Syria by Napoleon Bonaparte in 1798 to 1801. The intervention of the French, Russian and British due to the advances and occupation of Muhammad Ali Pashas army in Anatolia and Syria similarly precipitated its decline as it has grown wonkyer due to the war. The call for independence of the Greeks that eventually led to its independe nce as a self-governing nation also diminished its territory.European leaders however were concerned how give the Ottoman collapse will pose to the general peace. Such they made an attempt to maintain the Ottoman State so as not to cause instability in their region. They agreed to maintain its justness by reversing the potentially devastating results of war at the negotiating table and, in 1856, admitting the Ottoman state into the design of Europe (Quataert 56). Thus the European consensus then was to keep Ottoman state intact despite its weak stature as an attempt to maintain it as a viable state.Internally, an attempt was made by Selim III and Mahmud II instituted drastic reform known as the Tanzimat or reform or shake-up as an effort to reinvigorate and reconstitute their own political systems. One of the main reason of the decline of Ottoman was its harsh and inept rule coupled with a bankrupt coffers and Tanzimat was implemented to address it. Hat-i Shariff launched the fi rstTanzimat in 1839 where all persons banished or condemned to death

An Analysis on the Juvenile Justice System Dissertation

An Analysis on the Juvenile Justice form - Dissertation ExampleYoung, ODonnell and Clare (2001) in their report to the National Crime Council for the period 1950 - 1998 stated that, first and foremost, it had been nasty finding conclusive data for the majority of the period covered reflecting the lack of coordination on maintaining data on juvenile justice for the majority of the period of meter covered in the report. Additionally, during the time period canvass the age groupingings fluctuated which made data gathering even more difficult. Several of the periods had overlapping age groups represented in several categories and during a 20 yr period data was categorized for the age group 17 to 21 which did not reflect if the crimes were even committed by juveniles per se. Upon completion of the report, however, and with the limitations set frontwards previously addressed Young, ODonnell and Clare (2001) presented their findings noting several general trends. Since 1958 the tren d of juvenile offenses has been very erratic with marked differences from year to year in some cases. Figure 1 below shows the depend of juvenile cases by year for the 40 year period.As seen from the to a higher place graph the highest recorded period of juvenile crime was in 1961 when 3,333 cases were reported. 1976 saw a dramatic drop in juvenile crime which may actually be a reflection of the change of reporting practices as opposed to an actual drop. As seen in the above chart since 1990 with the exception of 1996 juvenile crime has been decreasing at a steady rate. 1997 showed the all time low of only 465 cases while the following year the number juvenile offences increased slightly to 573. During the unblemished period of the study Young, ODonnell and Clare (2001) reported that juveniles accounted for 23% of all reported crime in Ireland. The rate has not increased above 30% since 1961 and since the early 1990s has been 15% or less which reflects in the total number of you th being arrested for criminal offences. By 1997 only 9% of all crimes were committed by juveniles. This rosiness

Consumer buying behaviour blogs and portfolio Essay

Consumer buying behaviour blogs and portfolio - Essay ExampleHowever certain experience annoys customers in context of purchasing a branded good or helping. I commonly preferred branded products because I thought money value of the brand is worthwhile. In terms of behavioral sciences of consumer behaviour it is clearly evident that psychological needs usually influence an individual to purchase a brand. I had a bitter experience with deuce well known brands Samsung and Levis. These two brands were my favourite and I was score to pay premium prices for these brands. In my college days I used to wear Levis jeans because I felt up that its quality or texture will not degrade. I was literally shocked when I precept my perception about the brand was totally wrong. There are two or three Levis waivers near my locality and I usually purchase jeans from these outlets from past many years. Recently some new sales person was hired in this retail outlet and they did not have friendly behaviour. I purchased two jeans and it was expensive but my shopping experience was more pathetic. None of the sales person in the outlet helped me to select the best product and I had to find the best fit for myself (Cheryl and Thuhang, 2007). This in turn had displace a negative image about the brand in my mind. However after sales service of Levis jeans were worse because one of the jeans turned out to be of low quality and I had to return it back. I nearly spend half day resolving issue at the outlet since they were not ready for cash back. From that day I have decided that I will avoid any line of branded items. Samsung was another brand which had annoyed me to a great extent. I purchased an electronic item of Samsung fewer months back but it failed to deliver desired service level. On the other hand one of my friends had bought similar electrical device from not so well known brand and it performed well. Customer perception is arduous to change since it is based on attit udes and beliefs.

National budget deficit and sources for its financing Dissertation

National budget deficit and sources for its financing - Dissertation Example entropy Collection.12 c. Analysis.14 V. DISCUSSION...16 a. Major Patterns...18 b. Relationships....19 c. Elements Underlying the Patterns..26 d. The Connection to the Original Question..26 e. The Implications of this Research...28 f. A Discussion of Security....28 g. Conclusions Derived From the Research and Discussion About Security...40 VI. CONCLUSION....43 VII. ... home(a) budget to grow continually. I. INTRODUCTION (200 words) Indeed, one might wonder whether the U.S. has made a Faustian trade with China in order to keep its wheels turning. In order to perpetuate the huge political mould and superpower that is the United States, the U.S. made such a deal. Faust, in the legend, traded his soul to the devilin rallying for knowledge. To strike a Faustian bargain is to be willing to sacrifice anything to satisfy a outright desire for knowledge or power (Faustian Bargain, 2011, pgh. 1). Has the United S tates sold out its livelihood in order to buy cheap goods from China? It will be argued here that this merits to be trueand that the consequences could be horrible. The United States is one of the greatest superpowers on earth and yet it has two deficits which ar absolutely staggering. What is perchance most troubling, however, is the national budget deficit. Here it will be attempted to explain why the U.S. continually spends in order to buy goods from China, Chinas willingness in selling products to the U.S., and any kind of race that the U.S. and China share which have made their trading part of business as usual in an ever-expanding market. II. LITERATURE REVIEW (1000 words) One of the major problems that is currently being dealt with is a national budget deficit crisis that will not go away. Not only that, but Republicans and Democratsthe two major parties in the U.S.are divided as to how to go about cutting the national budget deficit. With Congress stalemated oer trimming a $1.6 trillion U.S. budget deficit, House Republicans are pushingthe YouCut program, which will trim Congresss expenses by publish

Why are so many high school students dropping out before graduation Essay - 1

Why are so many high inculcate students dropping out forward graduation - Essay ExampleThe organization aims at encouraging teenagers to explore their potential, through weekly content campaigns, to bring about social change (11 Facts About Dropping Out).In this militant age spurred by globalization, there is a need to remain relevant. This implies that countries need to ensure they produce workmanlike and productive workers for economic development thus moderated costs of health veneration and other social work (Monrad). According to Rumberger and Lim, causes of high school dropouts are categorized into individual and institutional perspectives therefore, the students mind-set and conduct are among what individual perspective highlights. These factors relate to the individual, and others include school performance, disengagement, and recurrent residential and school mobility. Dropping out of school is viewed as a process instigated by detachment from school. This implies that the student tardily gets swayed away from the idea of school because of reasons such as undertaking adult duties that consist of taking care of siblings, having to get a job that involves long hours and becoming a parent early.The background of the student is the core foundation of the risk factors identified in the institutional perspectives moreover, background refers to the environment surrounding a student, and it comprises socioeconomic status, dependable figures in his/her life that is single or step parent and the situation at school. The nature of family a student is raised in is quite crucial and entails the structure i.e. who the breadwinner is practices i.e. values and norms, and resources (Rumberger and Lim). The situation at school entails the behavior and attitudes of teachers i.e. do they interact well with the students, nature of administration i.e. rules and regulations, school structure and resources on hand(predicate) to students. Rules and regulations that b ring about dropouts include Grade Point Average (GPA) minimums, zero-tolerance

Cultural Oppression Essay Example for Free

Cultural Oppression EssayBoth African Americans and Asian Americans have suffered racial discrimination, slavery, persecution, difficulty in receiving citizenship even though their children were born in the join States and challenges in demonstrating their cultural identity. They experienced difficulty in classifying themselves as purely American because of their outward appearance. Moreover, they unceasingly tend to feel insulted that white Americans will always judge them by stereotypes, not by what they unfeignedly are.African Americans have suffered dual consciousness in the United States, always struggling to receive fond and economic equality, both as a Negro and an American. Although political equality has been granted to African Americans, they assuage suffered inequality in terms of achieving social and economic wealth. The effects of cultural oppression on African Americans have put them at high probability of suffering continued hindrances to achieve societal a uthorisation and affirmation.However, the richness of African cultures that place immensity on collective lifestyle has helped African Americans to be pass judgment in the United States. Asian Americans were pressured to learn how they could assimilate themselves into different cultural society in the country. The cultural oppression suffered by Asian Americans has helped them to establish their own community in order for them to become self-sufficient. The cushion of the Eastern philosophies, Buddhism, Taoism, and Confucianism, on Asian culture has helped families to become paternally oriented and hierarchical.The notable reason wherefore some Asians have the tendency to avoid debate and discussion or to appear indecisive is because of these philosophies that read them principles of harmony, balance and peace. This Asian culture has provided them to act in a positive way and to learn the importance of having self-knowledge about how others behave towards them. Reference Inform ation on Specific Cultural Groups. Retrieved April 17, 2009, from http//education. byu. edu/diversity/culture. html.

Pride and Prejudice Analysis Essay Example for Free

self-com functionncy and Prejudice Analysis EssayElizabeth Bennet receives two proposals one from Mr collins and one from Mr Darcy.Mr Collins was a t completely and heavy looking man of twenty-five years. Although he was polite and well mannered he was also pompous and had a self-inflated ego. He alship canal do never ending speeches approximately energy and bored e actuallyone to death.Mr Collins flattered everyone constantly but sometimes inappropriately.He prayged to know which of his fair cousins the excellence of its readiness was owed.-By this, Mrs Bennet was offended and assured him they were in fact able to keep a good cook. This showed his lose of judgement in when to compliment. He was also quite absurd and Mr Bennets sarcasm often went completely un noniced. For example, on page 54, Mr Bennet asked if his flatteries were prepared and Mr Collins admitted that sometimes he would think of them for his amusementLady Catherine de Bourgh who was his patroness employed him. He grovelled to her constantly as she paid his way because of her, he was middle/upper class. He was a clergyman at Hunsford near Rosings, Lady Catherine de Bourghs home.When Mr Bennet dies, Mr Collins w nauseous inherit Longburn, as Mr Bennet can non leave the endure to his wife women couldnt inherit. In Mr Collins letter, he proposes to make peace with the family.Mr Darcy on the another(prenominal) make it was very good looking.He soon drew the attention of the room by his fine tall person, handsome features, noble mienHe is also described as a fine figure of a man. But he was soon to be discovered to be elevated above his company. He was clever, but at the same time he was haughty, reserved and fastidious.He have Pemberly Estate and got one thousand a year. -He was upper class and he knew itHe had seen a solicitation of people in whom there was little beauty and no fashion for none of whom he had felt the smallest inte ataraxis.Darcy and Bingley had a good friendship despite many differences.Bingley was sure of being liked wherever he appeared Darcy was continually giving offence.Darcy had no sense of humour and admitted it. He couldnt see the funny side of livelihood whereas Bingley was light hearted and liked to enjoy everything he did.In the past Wickam and Darcy had a disagreement. Mr Darcys father had promised Wickam a place in the church but when he died Darcy refused to help him.Mr Collins first hints on his future plans in his letter to the Bennets when he writesI cannot be otherwise than concerned at the means of injuring your amiable daughters, and beg leave to apologise for it, as well as to assure you of my readiness to make them every viable amends.On the first day of staying at Longburn, he, in a conversation to Mrs Bennet saidI can assure the young ladies that I come prepared to admire them. -Here he gave Mrs Bennet a small glimpse of his intentions.Jane Austin then gave it away saying that now having a good house and income Mr Collins was in want of a wife. He was also pleasing Catherine de Bourgh who eyeshot he should marry.So for the first evening Jane was the dress outtled choice being not only the eldest, but the prettiest -this was, until he was sure by Mrs Bennet that she was soon to be engaged to Bingley (exaggeration). Then at the Netherfield Ball he asked Lizzy to trip the light fantastic toe several times and she realised she was the chosen one out of the five sisters.Mr Darcy on the other hand was far from admiring Lizzy at first and when Mr Bingley suggested he dance with her at the Meryton Ball he replied that he had not the least intention of dancing. -Bingley was dancing with the only good looking girl in the room. Here he was referring to Jane. He said Lizzy was tolerable, but not handsome enough to tempt me.Then at Sir William Lucass party, William attempt to pair up the two of them and Darcy did not resist, but Lizzy brushed him off with I have not the least intention of dancing. - this was pay back. It was at this party that Darcy realised his true feelings for her.At Netherfield when Jane went to stay, she fell ill and Lizzy being worried came to visit. Here, she noticed that Darcy was constantly watching her. Miss Bingley who secretly liked Darcy, in seeing that he was drawn to Lizzy tried to turn him against her. But all in vain, for whatever she said, he alone stuck up for Elizabeth. Miss Bingley, in Mr Darcys defending her saidI am afraid Mr Darcy that this adventure has kinda affected your admiration for her fine eyes.I think when she says this shes half-teasing and half jealous of him liking her.Before proposing, Mr Collins said to Mrs Bennet, May I hope madam, for your interest with your fair daughter Elizabeth, when I solicit for the reinforce of a private audience with her in the course of this morning? -Here, he was basically asking Mrs Bennets authority to propose. He then launched straight into his speech.Mr Darcy came to visit Lizzy and at first made light conversation, asking about her health. Then there was an awkward silence where he must have been trying to think of how to make before proceeding. -Differences are already showing through.Mr Collins first said hed chosen Lizzy almost as soon as hed met her (which was a lie) and went on to specify his reasons for marrying her. He, as a clergyman wanted to set an example to the rest of the parish, he thought it would make his happy and he was following Lady Catherine de Bourghs advice.Hed plainly planed out his speech carefully but in his reasons, he had not mentioned that he was in cope with her Darcy on the other hand offered his hand in marriage because he did love her and his opening sentence expressed this clearlyIn vain I have struggled. It will not do. My feelings will not be repressed. You must allow me to tell you how I admire and love you.Mr Collins also made several insults to Lizzy when proposing to her without even realising it For instance, he said t hat if she refuses, she my never get another offer. He also reminds her that if she be single, all she may ever be entitled to is twenty-five pounds when her mother dies.Darcy put his foot in it too. After saying how much he loved her, he went on to say that it was not his appetency to do so with her connections and statusHis sense of inferiority -of the family obstacles which judgement had always opposed to inclination.When he was off-key down he thought she was just offendedCould you expect me to rejoice in the inferiority of your connections? -To felicitate myself on the hope of relations, your connections?He also admitted to trying to split up Jane and Darcy and even rejoiced in his success of doing so.In response to rejection, Mr Collins thinks Lizzy is playing hard to get and says this is to be expected of a lady. He goes on to say all the good materialistic reasons to marry him forgetting to mention things like love. He acts as if marrying would be a good investment for Lizzy or something. He then assured her that both of her parents sanctioned of the marriage.Mr Darcy in response to rejection is shocked and angry but manages to control himself. He asked why he had been refused and thought she must be offended by what he had said earlierCould you expect me to rejoice in the inferiority of your connections?But after saying these words he accepted her answer.Both proposals were made for very different reasons Mr Collins obviously proposed for convenience, whereas Mr Darcy was in love. Both men also reacted in different ways when turned down although Mr Collins couldnt take the rejection, he was not actually bothered about anything other than having his male pride hurt. -Darcy must have been extremely upset, to him Lizzy was the woman he wanted to spend the rest of his life with but he tried not to show his emotions.They both involved a dowry of snobbery in their proposal speeches. They thought that Lizzy would not reject someone of the higher class and she should be grateful that she was chosen out of all the other girls both reminded her constantly about her status. Mr Collins was more(prenominal) personal mentioning both what would happen when her mother and father died but Lizzy got more angry at Darcy because of things he has said and done in the past. Mr Collins and Mr Darcy both said in much detail all the pros and cons of the marriage.In conclusion, both proposals have some similarities but they differ in the essential requirement of love.

Coca-Cola Essay Example for Free

Coca-Cola EssayCoke has been the leader in the flocculent drink manufacture for decennarys. Coke has a strong customer loyalty base, while arouseing to immature customers through sound grocerying. In recent years, the soft drink industry has changed with consumers becoming more health conscious. With the consumer market changing, soft drink sales have dropped and the demand for healthy drinks atomic number 18 in demand. To be able to ask up the difference of the drop in sales, Coca-Cola needed to come up with some innovative spic-and-span products and marketing strategies that would appeal to a new market of the beverage industry. In the last decade, PepsiCo. has gained leverage on Coca-Cola, because Pepsi made beverages that appealed to the changing consumer market. In two thousand-four, Pepsi owned fifty-two point three percent of the market in China after Coke produced a plant there (SinoCast, 2004). Coca-Cola has faced struggles in the one-time(prenominal) decade d ue to the lack of effective marketing and new product development. The individuals that were making the decisions for Coca-Cola were focusing on their best seller Coke and Diet Coke, and discovered that two products were not enough to keep the weed running.When using the PESTEL analysis, the first key component is to do an environmental scan (Finch, 2012). PESTEL is an acronym known as the 6 environmental factors which are the framework (Finch, 2012). The six environmental factors are political, economic, social, technological, environmental, and legal (Finch, 2012). The PESTEL analysis is based upon ground forces and trends and can pertain to any demoten industry (Finch, 2012). Coca-Cola did not do any environmental scan, and simply relied upon the traditional beverages and marketing that Coca-Cola had always used. oke 2. PepsiCo not only began to distribute health conscious beverages, such as juices, teas, coffees, and water they in addition began distributing snack foods. P epsiCo has even implemented a relationship with schools which incorporates responsible advertising practices, analogous offering healthy foods and beverages. PepsiCo also became a member of the International Food Beverage Alliance, which has to be met by certain standards in food and beverage distribution.The proper execution of the PESTEL analysis is a tool that would give PepsiCo an advantage as it delves in market penetration, market development, and product development. The PESTEL analysis would confirm market trends, and upcountry and external factors, which would allow the organization to do more specific research and create the power to build adjustments in order to reflect a gain in the industry. The PESTEL analysis is the answer as to how PepsiCo had the ability to act on a changing market and fully benefit from the changing market.A decade ago Coca-Cola began its struggle in the beverage industry, when reality hit Coca-Cola made adjustments, offered new products and ad apted to the market. quin years from now, Coca-Cola has to remain competitive by changing with the market, and producing products that appeal to the current consumer interest. Not only result Coca-Cola have to be creative with products, marketing is also another challenge.Marketing has changed with technological advances, today marketing is more than a television commercial, or a billboard there are now dissimilar channels and strategies in hich to reach and appeal to consumers. Coca-Cola is known for sticking to traditional marketing and product, which has eventually sic them behind their competitor. Technology is utilized in many contrastive forms and will stay fresh to increase as technology is an ever changing industry. Technology is a tool that should be utilized it can be cost effective and reach a new market segment. The weakness of the beverage industry is that consumers continue to become more health conscious, even down to the ingredients that make the food or bevera ge they are consuming.There have been studies done that lead researchers to believe that aspartame causes cancer. There are studies that lead researchers to believe that Splenda in large and prolonged quantities can also lead to cancer. These ingredients are commonly used in different types of beverages that are distributed by various companies. With the recent studies of various ingredients, the government controls food and beverage production which also means that everything has to be made public knowledge (on a label).The strengths are that of which Coca-Cola has the ability to produce beverages that appeal to the health conscious consumer. The investment into new products will allow Coca-Cola to remain competitive and appeal to new consumers as well. Along with new beverages, Coca-Cola should also explore new avenues in to growing markets and invest in them. With the financial power that Coca-Cola the investment to tap into new frontiers.There are many opportunities for growth given(p) that marketing and product development are the focus of the future of the company. oke 4. The future of Coca-Cola relies upon the decision to continually prize the six major factors into success and future success of any business. Frequent environmental scanning is indispensable to execute the analysis of how and what changes need to be made. With the constant adjustments to product development and marketing strategies in short letter to accompany the changing times, it enables the best utilizations of products and marketing.

The European Union in International Commercial Negotiations Essay Example for Free

The European Union in International m adeptymaking(prenominal) negotiations Essay mercantile negotiation is negotiation in the context of a championship stage setting much(prenominal) that it involves the manage custodyt of mercantile activities that includes contract negotiation and project management with the sole intention of making upper limit returns from the same. This process all(a)ows for the development and creation of new business opportunities CITATION Bea00 l 1033 ( Beasor Steele, 2000). The job description of moneymaking(prenominal) negotiators includes an overviewing lineament in the whole deals process and to some extend responsible for the implementation of a detailed business sales plan. The overall role is to make sure they retrieve the best involve out of any business opportunity. It is therefore important for a commercial negotiator to have a grasp of the customers business needs in order to offer the mandatory products and services demanded by the consumer. commercialized negotiation entails the following vital services. Conducting market research of the opposite products by the business, analysis of data from the sale activities of a business, provision of financial reports to the senior management of the business and overly to the different stakeholders of the enterprise. An separate function is the identification of new opportunities for the business, commercial negotiation also includes reviewing and assessing opportunities for new businesses. Commercial negotiators play a decisive role in the maximization of the revenue from the business.Commercial negotiation thus requires unrivalled(a) to have the required skills to excel in the field. virtuoso needs to have great interpersonal skills that will enable them to considerably interact with people. This is important in order to win and sell ideas to the people unitary interacts without stepping outside one mandate. adjectival and communication skills atomic numbe r 18 necessary for commercial negotiators because of the constant flow of teaching from team members. One should also be accommodative of other(a) team members opinions that atomic number 18 different from ripe as a commercial negotiator. Commercial negotiators play a pivotal role in the mastery of any business. A triple-crown commercial negotiator brings together control elements and definitions and operates them efficiently. This means that a triumphful commercial negotiator will apply leadership skills already applied in the departmental running. The role of a commercial negotiator is to blend responsibilities re juveniled to project execution, planning, monitoring and achievement of the desired goals. For mortal to be a successful manager they should have demonstrated ability to lead others and organize live on CITATION Gat11 l 1033 (Gates, 2011).A commercial negotiator needs to have contact with other required resources. For projects that need coordination between divi sions and departments, a commercial negotiator with contacts outside a single department is required. An be after commercial negotiator should ensure and develop contacts within the organizations departments to help run a project successfully. They should also be able to coordinate a diverse pool of resources. This would be achieved by exploiting with different people from different backgrounds and disciplines. As an aspiring commercial negotiator, one should be able to supervise and deputize work in areas alien to their background. All this is possible by having a close rapport and teamwork.Procedural and communication skills. This is because of the constant flow of information from team members. One should also be accommodative of other team members opinions that are different from dependable as a commercial negotiator.Commercial negotiation skills and techniques in the western world (European Union) and ChinaFor one to do business abroad he has to look the various cultures an d practices that are accepted in the process of commercial negotiation. Before travelling to the European Union one has to consider the required etiquette that is observed and required in the meetings, negotiations and business protocol. Europeans are cognize to be humorless, stubborn, and aggressive they also pay attention to details. A successful business has to understand the shroud pagan aspects to present the right etiquette. The Europeans are strictly clod while doing business and according to them its wrong to swap jokes or have informal chats when working. Europe is a significant trade checkmate for many states. Learning to do business in Europe and understanding their business practices, culture and etiquette improves skills and success of international business men CITATION Meu05 l 1033 ( Meunier, 2005).The number one aspect of etiquette in Europes business spheres is Organization. They are usu admirer uneasy with ambiguity and disorder. They lean towards conservatis m and conformism they dont like uncertainty so one has to have first-hand information and facts at hand. When doing business in Europe, one has to emphasize on careful planning. One has to consult and get a consensus before presenting his idea and opinions. European commercial negotiations appreciate statistics, facts and details and there is no room for mistakes and omissions. To observe business etiquette one has to nullify risk and negate uncertainty. The stress on conformity and fear of risk makes them apprehensive and they guarantee certificate through risk analysis. This is ensured by keen deliberation and scrutiny based on factual evidence and non intuition. They prefer written documentation as it is the safest and objective for analysis.In communication the Chinese wit their privacy and they usually divide their private and public life. While communicating one has to be formal and foil to official duty. They dont talk about their private lives as they are tutelary of p ersonal issues. They prefer their communication to be short direct and straight to the point. They consider emotions unnecessary in conversations at the work place.They dont talk out of context as they only stick to the issue at hand. The Chinese also prefer brief greetings and thats why they only do short holdhakes When several people are being introduced they take turns to greet each other and they void reaching out over someones hand. They find it rude to greet someone with one hand in the pocket and when women enter a room the men stand as a show of politeness. The men sit after all the women have taken their seats. The Chinese etiquette requires that people are ad fancy uped using Mr., Ms or Mrs. followed by the surname. The only people who are allowed to use the first names are family members and very close friends. The Chinese culture also insists on the use of maestro titles such as doctors, academics and others. One has to establish professional titles before any meeting . They use the surnames to maintain formalness and respect CITATION Lam00 l 1033 ( Lam, 2000).Punctuality is another important aspect of etiquette in Europe. Punctuality is a serious issue as they value their time. The business people are usually under a lot of pressure and they plan for their time very well to meet their daily objectives. Being late shows disrespect for people and their time, it is also a show that the person is not interested or not serious about the business deal or meeting. The punctuality is seen as a sign of trueness to the business. Europeans also dont mix humor with business affairs. If jokes are made they should be in context and tasteful. They usually have a very strict protocol in their meetings leaving teensy-weensy room for humor. They believe that when jokes are made during business then the meeting seizes to be formal. In doing business with Europeans one has to plan ahead the meetings should be booked two to three weeks in advance. They have a cult ure where they hold their meetings between eleven to one and three to five p.m. They avoid meetings on Friday afternoons, during their regional festivities and the holiday months of July, December and August.Their meetings in most cases are usually formal, functional and they stick to the set agenda. The set start time and finish time are obeyed by all means so everything is through with(p) within the time limit. They prioritize business as they discourage relationship building and small talks CITATION Lam00 l 1033 ( Lam, 2000).They analyze commercial negotiation proposals thoroughly while considering every detail. They ensure the information and facts are provided in written and scientifically presented. They make logical conclusion basing on the empirical details. Decisions are not made based on the subjects charm or marketing skills only they consider concrete facts and the accuracy found in the details. The Europeans are slow when it comes to making decisions hence the procee ding should not be rushed. They take their time as they try to furnish the decisions with additional information. Once a decision is reached they rarely change their mind regarding the same. They give respect priority and they give each other personal space in the work environment. They are not allowed to touch during meetings and business dealings. They dont mix official meeting with social issues.They prefer official dressing when doing commercial negotiations .They rarely dress in casual clothes when working. Europeans trade show participants do not wear badges. Introductions are rescue until the visitor shows interest. If the introduction is made too early they consider it superficial and intrusive. Europeans also dont give their business cards quite easily. They value their privacy and in case they hand you one it should be treated as confidential and private. It should not be passed to another person without the owners permission. In calling the Europeans they take it offensi vely when they are not referred to by their title and name. Europeans shake hands to say hello and goodbye. The hand shake should be done using a firm grip. This is a show of respect and also it depicts the appreciation of the colleague. Women are the ones to be greeted first and not while seated. The men have to stand before they greet women this clearly shows the high level of respect they maintain in the working area. They also have a culture of maintaining eye contact. This is a show of confidence and legitimacy. In Germany company stability and long term commitment are top priorities. Europeans are usually peculiar about the company ownership, history and the product lines. References will be requested to prove honesty and reliability. Because of all this the process may be slow and trying to speed them up is considered rude and suspicious.Importance of friendship on Target Culture in Commercial NegotiationThe influence of ethnical diversity has major(ip) impacts on work rel ationships in most organizations commercial negotiation. The cross cultural occurrence affects communication between employees, causing confusion and thereafter results in misunderstanding in the workplace. It is therefore important for both managers and their employees to understand the target cultures communication process and recognize the sources of cross cultural contraventions. Depending on how they are managed, cross cultural conflicts may have either positive or negative outcomes. It is also important for managers to develop let out skills that help in handling the complications caused by different cultures. Managers should be able to convert the problems of cultural diversity into strengths of the organization CITATION Bea00 l 1033 ( Beasor Steele, 2000).This is so to avoid getting in disputes in different cross-cultural platforms. As a commercial negotiator it is important to identify and address any underlying disputes or conflicts before anything goes wrong at the wor kplace. I have made it clear to my employees of the expected behaviors at the work place and most importantly during their interactions with foreign customers.As a negotiator one is the greatest ally but greatest obstacle to effective management of my employees. One has to closest to the junior managers who need to change to the new behaviors and cultures associated with management programs. Getting supervisors and managers on board and taking the lead in supporting cultural diversity is an important aspect of my commercial negotiation skills. This will ensure that employees are given an opportunity and platform to interact and raise any issues or concerns that they might have. Most importantly, employees should be given a chance to develop their own competencies and skills for enhancing cultural sensitivity among other employees in the company.As a commercial negotiator working in a multicultural company, it has been necessary for me to develop my skills in cross-cultural conflict management which affects productivity in the long run. Cross-cultural disputes have often lead to voluntary physical exertion termination. These conflicts resulted in the loss of working time and loss of morale CITATION Bea00 l 1033 ( Beasor Steele, 2000).ReferencesBeasor, T., Steele, P. (2000). Business Negotiation A Practical Workbook. capital of the United Kingdom Gower Publishing, Ltd.Lam, M. L.-L. (2000). Working with Chinese Expatriates in Business Negotiations Portraits, Issues, and Applications. Greenwood Publishing Group.Meunier, S. (2005). Trading Voices The European Union in International Commercial Negotiations. Princeton Princeton University Press.Adoranti, F. (2006). The Managers Guide to Understanding Commercial Contract Negotiation. in the raw York international Professional Publishers.Burke, W. (n.d.). An examination of the commercial principles of the late negotiation between Great Britain and France in MDCCLXI In which the organisation of that negotiation with regard to our colonies and commerce is considered (Google eBook). Printed for R. and J. Dodsley.Fox, W. F. (2009). International Commercial Agreements A Primer on Drafting, Negotiating, and Resolving Disputes. Kluwer integrity International.Gates, S. (2011). The Negotiation Book Your Definitive Guide To Successful Negotiating. New York John Wiley Sons.Marsh, P. D. (2001). Contract Negotiation Handbook. London Gower Publishing, Ltd.Pye, L. W. (1990). Chinese Commercial Negotiating Style. Hong Kong Oelgeschlager, Gunn Hain, Publishers.Ward, D. (2012). Contract Negotiation Handbook Getting the Most Out of Commercial Deals. New York John Wiley Sons.Source document

Marine General Brute Krulak Essay Example for Free

leatherneck customary Brute Krulak EssayIn writing the book First in Fight, the legendry Marine command Brute Krulak has submitted an unparalleled assessment of the US Marines. The book gives details of the fighting on the battlefield as also a detail of the Marines life when not at war. He has skilfully blended autobiography with history, analysis with action and separated facts from legend. General Krulak has touched upon the core qualities of the army corps in narrating the implications of being a Marine and the reasons for its outstanding and consistent performance. The general has also addressed the most pertinent and challenging issues regarding the Corps. A thorough analysis has been made about how the Corps manages to survive and to prosper contempt the awesome political hurdles and the adversities it has to face in a routine manner. In explaining the unique characteristics of the Corps, General Krulak has delved into the core structure on which it has been built. What emerges is a system that is intensely loyal to God, the country and to other colleagues.A close look has been taken at the war practices of the Marines whereby stimulating details of their actions and experiences have been outlined in regard to macrocosm War II and the wars in Vietnam and Korea. Additionally, he has also described the relationship that the Corps enjoys with other services by giving special reference to the battles of unification that were fought in the aftermath of World War II. New insights have been offered in regard to the processes of decision making during times of emergency.First in Fight is a book that makes for appealing reading. It covers details of General Krulacks personal experiences while he was engaged in the battle for the union of the armed forces. The book also explains very effectively how the entire chain of command of the US Military is set up and managed (Victor H. Krulak, 1999).ReferencesVictor H. Krulak, First to Fight An privileged Vie w of the U. S. Marine Corps, 1999, US Naval Institute Press

Health and Social Care Essay Example for Free

health and Social Care EssayGoernment (National)- Greenwich Council (Locally) World Herit maturate Site (Internally). The National Maritime Museum preparedness target by the government to meet the needs and to attract different types of node all over the world and alike to propose better facilities such as providing wheel chair for disabled people. Sponsors one of the sponsors is PO they want quality exhibits, which convey they could hand over good globeity which lead to better public im develop. Researchers- Researchers produce different types of research from over the world and encourage the museum to improve on their exhibits. Suppliers who supply diet and other products and the supplier expect good pay at the right time. Owners of Exhibits The owner of exhibits wants security on their collections of picture or etc and a good feedback from the museum. Customers The client wants good Customer Service, helpfulness staff and to provide better facilities for special need s. Staff The staff should be motivated, which then depart lead to good gross sales and profit. The staff will take over an experience maneuvering with different types of customers.Friends (emailprotected) Friends of the National Maritime Museum actively represent the largest Maritime Museum in the world. The friends mission is to support the work of the National Maritime Museum, the Royal Observatory and the queen House by. In 1997/1998 the Maritime Museum had 50% of people visited the museum, only in 1998/1999 the Maritime Museum had 54%, which means the visitor number has increased by 4%. In 1999/00 the museum had 52% but by 2000/01 it has decrease by 3%. By 2001/02 the museum visitors has gone up by 10%. This table shows the predicted target market.The age group of 18-24, In 1997/98 they were 10% of Visitors and in 2001/02 it was 7% which means it has decreased by 3 % since 1997/1998. In 1997/98 they were 18% of visitors visited who are aged from 25-34 and in 2001/02 it wa s 19%, which means it has gone up by 1% since 1997/98. Although it was a diverge in 1998/99, because the number of visitors who are aged 25-34 has increased by 4% since1997/98. The age group 35-44, in 1997/98 it was 23% and in 2001/02 it was 23% which means they have been no change but in 1999/00 the plowshare went up suddenly they have decrease since 2000/02.In 1997/98 it was 24% but in 1998/99 the percentage went down by 2%. From 1999/01 they have been no change of percentage of visitors arriving but in 2001/02 the percentage has decreased by 1% since 2000/01. The age group of 55-64, in 1997/98 it was 15% but the figure went down until 1999/00. However the figure went up in 2000/02. In 1997/98 it was 10% of visitors who are aged 65+ but the percentage stayed comparable until 1999. Although the percentage starts to rise slowly in 2000 by 2001 the percentage has gone up by 2%.This table shows the predicted income. In 1997/98 it was 37% visitors visited who were A/B Income earners , but by 2001/02 it has increased by 47%. The C1 Income earners visited the museum in 1997/98 was 46% and in 2001/02 it has decreased by 35%, but also the percentage did rise in 1999/00. In 1997/98 it was 12% who were C2 income earners, but in 2001/02 it has decreased by 9%, however the figure did rise in 1999/00. the D/E Income earners visited the museum in 1997/98 was 5% but in 2001/02 it has gone up by 9%, but there was steady change in 1998/2000.Overall it show that in 1997/98 it was most likely that C1 Income earners visited the Museum but by 2001/02 it has changed because A/B Income earners are likely to visit the museum * Predicted staffing needs This table shows the staffing levels. The visitors were very satisfied with the exhibition bring out in 1997/98 but the visitors were very satisfied in 2001/02 because it has gone up by 4%. There were only 2% of visitors not satisfied with the exhibition display in 1997/98 but it went down by 1%.In 1997/98, 50% of visitors were sati sfied with the staff but in 2001/02 the percentage has increased by 14%. They were no satisfaction in 1997/98 or in 2001/02. This is an rating on customer service at Maritime Museum. I will be evaluating the service provided by the museum when I went for the visit. I enjoyed my trip to the Maritime Museum and it has helped with my assignment on customer service and also they provided information, which will help my coursework.The service provided by the National Maritime Museum was excellent and the staffs were motivated to their work. I had great greetings when I visited the museum and I was provided information on the exhibits, when I didnt last. E. g. when I visited one of the history section I didnt know about Nelson so the staff took his time to explain for us, so I thought that was good customer service. The lecture from the staff was good because they took their time on providing information, which I thought it was a good customer service.The purpose of this letter is to ex press to you my apologies for any inconvenience you may have experienced on the twenty-seventh of March 2006 due to standards of service you experienced in our restaurant. I have taken my time to investigate your case and the possible reason I could give you is that my staff didnt have record of your booking and so you had to wait for 45 minutes to be seated because the restaurant was full. We are terribly sorry if you were discomfit by our service. During the 45 minutes the manager sat you at the bar and gave your party free drinks.As soon as the table were clear, the staff sat you down in two different tables and meantime we were preparing vegetarian food. I have come up with a solution to solve these problems. I will be talking to my staff about the record of booking. I will also have word with the work and provide better training on dealing with customers. I will make sure the systems work correctly. For the Disappointment service you had received by our restaurant we will p rovide you a free meal and better service from our restaurant. Once again I am terribly sorry for the service provided by our restaurant

Kantian and Utilitarian Essay Example for Free

Kantian and Utilitarian EssayKant believed in an absolute moral law that he c wholeed the bland Imperative. It is this imperative that determines our duty. (2) Two formulations of this imperative screwing be habitd to determine the morally correct transaction that Alistair should choose. The first formulation, The Formula of Universal Law Act only on that apothegm through which you brook at the same time will that it should become a universal law of nature. (2) Alistair has two thinkable dictums to act upon. These maxims, if it were universally applicable, are Anyone may lie in order to promote increasing forgiving welfare and Everyone always tells the truth. The first maxim is contradictory. If people had the option to lie, it negates the system of trust on which the world is built. When, for example, I put my money in the bank, I trust them to keep it safe. If the first maxim was universally accepted, I could not trust without reservation that the bank would keep my mo ney safe because they would be able to give my money away if they felt it would increase the welfare of those less fortunate. If this was the case, at that place would be widespread mistrust and, ironically, it would have a negative impact on human welfare.The second maxim is universally applicable and is thus, according to Kant, the maxim on which to act upon. The second formulation, The Formula of the End in Itself So act as to treat humanity, both in your own person, and in the person of both other, always at the same time as an end, never simply as a means. (2) If Alistair were to support the truth about the bribery, he denies the rationality of the board and denies that there is any rational action for them to perform.He denies them the option to rationally make a decision on what to do about the situation. In doing this he is using the board merely as a means to ensure the delivery of the medicine. According to Kant, for Alistair to use the board as a means in themselves, he would have to tell the truth. According to Kants theory, the action of ignoring the bribe fails the first and second formulation of the Categorical Imperative, thus the right thing to do would be to tell the truth to the board of directors. Utalitarian TheoryLooking back at the case select it is clear that, on the one hand, people are receiving inexpensive kits of medicine, the drivers dont get prospect and the reputation of the relief organisation and the director is still intact. On the other hand, the board doesnt agnise about the bribery, thus the unethical activity cannot be put to a stop. Utilitarianism is a theory found on consequences, not the action leading to the consequence. This theory holds that we should choose those actions that would result in the greatest tot up of good in the interest of the greatest number of people affected by our actions. 1)(4) The good is anything that, instanter or indirectly, brings cheer or pleasure. (4) The consequences of each pa rticular action is considered to determine which termination will silk hat serve the great good. (3) Act Utilitarianism prescribes that every situation be evaluated independently. The action that leads to the greatest net outcome of utility is then considered to be the correct choice. According to this theory, Alistair should choose the action that will maximise happiness and minimise unhappiness. Alistair has two possible choices with two different consequences.The first is that Alistair tells the truth about the bribery. The possible outcome of his choice are the following the drivers stop receiving cash and get shot, the contract is terminated and the less fortunate stop receiving their medicine, the director in charge of the contract is fired, and the relief organisation suffers great embarrassment. These are all negative effects and cause great unhappiness. On the other hand, the happiness of the board is increased because they can put a stop to more unethical activity.The second choice that Alistair has to consider is to keep tranquil and overlook the bribe. This would lead to the situation staying the same (as stated in the case study) and would secure the happiness of the greater good which include the director, the relief organisation, the drivers and the people receiving the medicine. The board of directors would not know about the bribe, so there would be no unhappiness to consider. Considering the consequences of both actions, the happiness of the greater good is maximised when Alistair keeps silent.

Creation †Scientific View Vs. Biblical View Essay Example for Free

Creation Scientific View Vs. Biblical View canvasThe advancement of science has raised questions everyplace the biblical view of creation. A destiny of scientists argon now questioning the authenticity of the retentive-held beliefs about creation. According to Mark 106, Jesus said But from the setoff of the creation, graven image made them male and female. Also, John 11-3 says, In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God and the Word was God. If the dates are added up as per the bible, Adam was created 6000 long date ago. Therefore, the earth was created approximately 6000 years ago. organic evolutionists, on the other hand, believe that the whole Universe and life itself arose by chance between 3 and 15 billion years ago. They came up with a guess c onlyed Big fringe Theory. The Big Bang Theory is the dominant scientific surmisal about the origin of the universe. According to the big bang, the universe was created former(prenominal) between 10 billio n and 20 billion years ago from a cosmic fusillade that hurled matter and in any guidances. Extrapolated into the past, these observations show that the universe has expanded from a state in which all the matter and energy in the universe was at an immense temperature and density.Physicists do not widely assent on what happened before this, although general relativity predicts a gravitational singularity. The term Big Bang is utilize both in a narrow sense to refer to a point in time when the observed expansion of the universe (Hubbles law) began calculated to be 13. 7 billion (1. 37 ? 1010) years ago ( 2%) and in a to a greater extent general sense to refer to the prevailing cosmological range of a function explaining the origin and expansion of the universe, as well as the composition of primordial matter through nucleosynthesis as predicted by the Alpher-Bethe-Gamow theory.From this model, George Gamow was able to predict in 1948 the existence of cosmic microwave backgrou nd radiation (cosmic background radiation). The CMB was discovered in 1964 and corroborated the Big Bang theory, giving it more credence. In 1927, the Belgian priest Georges Lemaitre was the commencement exercise to propose that the universe began with the explosion of a primeval atom. His proposal came after observing the red trip in far nebulas by astronomers to a model of the universe based on relativity. Years later, Edwin Hubble prove experimental evidence to help justify Lemaitres theory.He found that distant galaxies in every direction are going away from us with speeds proportional to their distance. The big bang was initially suggested because it explains why distant galaxies are traveling away from us at great speeds. The theory also predicts the existence of cosmic background radiation (the glow left over from the explosion itself). The Big Bang Theory acquire its strongest confirmation when this radiation was discovered in 1964 by Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson, who later won the Nobel Prize for this discovery.Creation theory according to Genesis 11 states, In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth. Evolutionists believe that the total solar system was formed from clouds of gas and dust. If so, the Sun, planets and moon should be made of gas and dust. It has been proved scientifically that the sun is 98% hydrogen or helium. If we believe this theory, then the planets should domain the sun and the moon should orbit the planets. This is sure. Theory of Darwin further accentuated the developmentists theory.Charles Robert Darwin was an English naturalist who proposed and provided evidence for the scientific theory that all species have evolved over time from one or a few common ancestors through the process of natural selection. This theory was fully accepted by the scientific community in the 1930s, forming much of the footing of modern organic evolutionary theory. In modified form, Darwins theory remains a cornerstone of biol ogy, providing a unifying business relationship for the change of life.Natural selection is the evolutionary process by which golden traits that are heritable become more common in successive generations of a population of reproducing organisms, and unfavorable traits that are heritable become less(prenominal) common. Natural selection acts on the phenotype, or the observable characteristics of an organism, such that individuals with favorable phenotypes are more believably to survive and reproduce than those with less favorable phenotypes. If these phenotypes have a genic basis, then the genotype associated with the favorable phenotype will increase in frequency in the next generation.Over time, this process can response in adaptations that specialize organisms for particular ecological niches and may eventually result in the emergence of overbold species. Ironically, m any of the scientists in question did some early work on the mechanisms of evolution. Though biological ev olution of some sort had become the primary mode of discussing speciation within science by the late-19th vitamin C, it was not until the mid-20th century that evolutionary theories stabilized into the modern synthesis.Some of the historical scientists marshaled by creationists were dealing with quite different issues than any are engaged with today Louis Pasteur, for example, opposed the theory of spontaneous generation with biogenesis, an advocacy some creationists call as a critique on chemical evolution and abiogenesis. Pasteur accepted that some form of evolution had occurred and that the Earth was millions of years old. The contribution of famous scientists like Mendel and Avery laid the foundation for genetics. Gregor Mendels research revealed that pellucid traits were inherited in a well-defined and predictable manner.In the 1940s, the identification of DNA as the genetic material by Oswald Avery and colleagues, and the articulation of the double-helical structure of DNA by James Watson and Francis Crick, provided a physical basis for the notion that genes were encoded in DNA. Since then, the role of genetics in evolutionary biology has become increasingly central. many a(prenominal) fields of science have provided a wide range of evidence for evolution. The most prominent of these are fossil records, which can show the many life forms that have existed.The fossil itself reveals the organisms structure, and the age of the fossil reveals when its species existed. In addition, studies involving anatomical and genetic comparisons between present day species serve as evidence for evolution. Paleontology, the study of fossils, supports Darwins passkey idea that all living creatures are related. Fossils also provide evidence that accumulated changes over long periods have led to the diverse forms of life we see today. Strong evidence for evolution comes from analysis of homologic structures that no longer perform the same task.One example involves the comparison of the forelimbs of mammals. The forelimbs of a human, cat, whale, and bat all have strikingly similar bone structure. However each of these four animals forelimbs performs a different task. such a design makes little sense if they are unrelated and uniquely constructed for their particular tasks. The scientific explanation for such homologous structures is that all four animals shared a common ancestor, and that each has undergone mutations over the note of a large number of generations.These changes have resulted in slight modifications in the structure, so that each species has a forelimb adapted for a different task. This is what Darwin described as descent with modification. The main points of difference between the cardinal theories are If Creation is true there is a Creator, and there are rules given by God. If Evolution is true there is no Creator, and there are no rules. In fact, we make them up as we go along, according to the majority vote. If Creation i s true there is a purpose to life.If Evolution is true there is no Creator, and no purpose to life. We are evolving creatures. If Creation is true we are a fall race, and we need a Savior. If Evolution is true there is no sin, and we do not need a Savior. The scientific view of creation is more plausible than the biblical view. There are a lot of discoveries and inventions that have made the understanding of our earth, evolution of life and universe possible. However, scientists have a long highroad ahead of them to convince people. References 1) Wikipedia 2) Dr. Kent Horvind, Creation Science Evangelism.

Decision theory Essay Example for Free

Decision theory EssayHow could companies habituate Second breeding for modernistic product or service decision making? Companies use min life which includes meeting with the sales manager, discussing about new sales techniques, building a new kind-hearteds where members of minute of arc life talk together about product or services and testing the new designs for new product or service before it is released to the world. Thus by taking feedback from all members companies receive decisions. . How could financial companies use neural networks in Second Life to help their businesses? Neutral networks are those which overwhelm in pattern or image recognition. This helps companies to get the required information for processing in second life. 3. How could a company such as Nike use decision support systems on Second Life to help its business? Nike uses decision support system (DSS) for information that helps to take decision. But DSS has three of import models in it.They are -Sensitivity observe changes when vari fit is changed -What- if? checked what is the impact if variable changed -Goal seeking seeking to return goal by making changes. 4. How could an apparel company use Second Life to build a digital dashboard to monitor virtual operations? Apparel uses second life in digital dashboard to monitor virtual operations as it tracks everything in the store which includes number of customers, time spent, items purchased and so on Company also gave a special offer to the second life residents that they get promotional card if they are shopping in inline-world apparel.Describe how the DoD is using AI to improve its operations and maintain lives. By using AI the DoD is able to make operations like resupply missions more in force(p) because human drivers and troops to protect the supply line arent needed. AI would also be able to perform dangerous missions without endangering troops. 2. Explain why the DoD would use an event, such as the DARPA Grand C hallenge, to and technological trigger. The DARPA Grand Challenge produces lots of different ideas from diverse sources which will produce more effectual technology.The contest is also at a relatively low cost to the DoD because it would cost more than $2 million dollars to produce and test so many models on their own. 3. Describe how autonomous vehicles could be used by organizations around the world to improve business efficiency and effectiveness. If businesses were able to transport their goods without human transportation controllers it would cut costs and eliminate some of the risks from human error. 4. The Ansari X is another technological innovation competition focusing on spacecraft.

The military tactics and weapons used by USA and the Vietcong forces in Vietnam Essay Example for Free

The military maneuver and weapons pulmonary tuberculosis by USA and the Vietcong forces in Vietnam EssayThrough divulge the Vietnam War, legion(predicate) tactics and weapons were apply by both VC and US forces. But the sides whose st treasuregies and weapons proved more effective in Vietnam were the Vietcongs and other commie forces.Through break the fight, the Americans relied on their in advance(p) developments to aid them in strategies and weapons, which when on the level fields of conventional warfare, proved more superior. They had in their self-will tanks, helicopters, trucks and other transport, guileillery and well disciplined soldiers. The VC used simple yet effective techniques, such as booby pin downs or hiding in vegetation.The tactics of both sides were greatly diametrical towards the end of the war compared to the wizards used near to the beginning.At the beginning of the war the USs primary(prenominal) objective was to at least, contain the communist magnetic north by helping South Vietnam to keep the threat at bay. oneness of the earliest tactics used to do this was Search and Destroy missions. Search and Destroy missions were when the US used Helicopters to hunt buck NVA and VC units, once they found a group, troops were dropped off in the area of activity and killed as m any(prenominal) heap as they possibly could. Supply bases were built in support of this. These were basically fortified areas of prop up with artillery protecting and things such as ammunition, food etc. If the troops on the search and bankrupt missions found any try of VC activity, (personnel, weapons, plans, traps cosmos make etc.) then the suspected communists were killed and villages were burnt to the ground. This closely believably would lay down turned the S.Vietnamese over against the American cause, as they had finished the homes they lived in and murdered their friends.The American tactic play right into the hands of the communist, and they conceiveered this with there own superior tactic, by rebuilding their homes and burying the dead. They also gave vote down left from the Indochina war back to the peasants. This helped the VC a lot because it meant new recruits for them (The VC Guerillas dressed mainly in unappeasable pajamas, looking like peasants they were farmers by day and Guerillas by night). In recruiting, the VC were open to women fighters as well as men.This meant that the American male soldiers were affected by the morality of killing a muliebrity, it wasnt morally right this do them think twice and damaged morale by leaving the thought of killing a woman on their conscience-they became physicologically unhealthy). This shows how smart the VC were in their planning of tactics, they responded to the violence of the US by winning the hearts and minds of the peasants(which is iodine of the things the US aimed to do in the first place through offering humanitarian aid etc.-this is called Pacification ).The most powerful of methods used by the VC that influenced the whole Vietnam War was their Guerilla tactics and chip methods One of the problems this instant faced by the Americans was the Vietnameses tactic of having no front line, this meant that the VC could even go into stalemate as the fighting was on their homeland, and they could afford to wait for a victory. The US however couldnt as the war was costing them coin and lives, so they had to engage the enemy quickly. This was a big problem for the Americans as they were trained in the art of conventional warfare, where you can see your opp iodinnt. Guerilla warfare was a sort of hit and run tactic.It relied on close combat and mainly ambushing the enemy. This also meant that the US couldnt use their tactic of having a body count which was when they counted the amounts of tribe they killed. But this was useless as the Americans couldnt see who they were fighting, there was no front line and the VC used camouflage and conc ealment techniques they wore foliage and could hide in trees, fields, jungles etc. and leap out at any given time. They avoided face-to-face combat and used the jungle, which was completely anonymous to the Western Invaders. As the US couldnt get up any exact figures of how many an(prenominal) they killed, their own body count mounted as ane by one, they were killed off thus denting their morale as a result.As well as having tactics that heavily influenced the war, the VC had weapons in their possession, which instantly sur goinged the Americans modern counterparts, as they were well suited to their terrain.The typical US soldiers main weapon was the M-16 Assault Rifle. This was an American do gun, and unlike the AK-47, the M16 concentrated on semi-automatic accuracy rather than on full automatic firepower. It was lighter than the AK and was made using alluminium and plastics, this however didnt help US troops in their fighting, as it was mainly muted jungle in the geography of Vietnam, you would score needed a perpetual weapon to withstand every single trip and fall.It was tipped to be a often more reliable weapon but it often mob, costing the lives of hundreds of Americans caught in firefights. It was said to be self-cleaning but it wasnt, one C deposits built up often and it had to be cleaned after every use and troops werent issued with cleaning kits. Also, one of the biggest problems was that the M16 was built for long range shooting. Adding to this, it had old style rear sights which meant that you could only aim using one eye. This means that the main use of the M16 was for accurate long shooting, which didnt help the Americans again as they were constantly being ambushed by Guerillas and forced into close combatUnlike the M16, the AK-47 was a much sturdier weapon made out of solid wood and metals, heavier but more durable. The AK could stand the humidity of the jungle and literally never jammed or even needed cleaning(if it did, it was very easy to disassemble and clean) It was an extremely simple weapon to which anybody could be trained on (good news for the VC- they could recruit anyone and train them on this rifle, even a child resulting in the Americans not being able to discriminate exactly who they were fighting and giving the VC that edge). Furthermore, the AKs shape made it exemplification for the shooter to be in the prone postition (lying down flat on the stomach), which was an ideal position for the shootouts in dense jungles. Also, briefly comparing the rounds used, the M16 had higher velocity (faster travelling) lighter, and smaller bullets 5.56mm making it ideal at long-range shooting.The Russian AK however had heavier and bigger bullets 7.62mm. This statistic gave the AK the upper hand in close combat situations where the bullet had to pass through literally anything i.e. heavy on a lower floorbush in the jungle (which could deflect the lighter American 5.56mm round) or in shootouts in towns/cities, w here the heavy 7.62mm bullet could go thruogh a wall and the 5.56 couldnt. The last and final thing close the AK-47 compared to the M16 was its sights. There was a rear-sight shaped like a V, and a foresight blade at the end. This meant that you could use both eyes when shooting and didnt have to be as accurate making it ideal again for the VC and Guerilla fighting.This brief comparison of these two weapons widely used end-to-end the war shows that the characterisitcs AK-47 surpassed that of the M16. It was a much more durable weapon that was well suited to the terrain and handling of the Vietcong and helped the VC in their fight against the US greatly.Aswell as having just guns on their side, the US and VC had other things aswell. The US had contrastive types of trnasport and tactics Helicopters, they were fast and could be used to deploy troops quickly. But the VC responded to this by using their portable Rocket Launchers (supplied by the Soviet sum total aswell) which took ou t the Helicopters instantly as they basically were giant hovering targets. Tanks could not be used because of the geography of Vietnam, so trucks were used, but these were easy targets aswell as being literally a car. Instead of trucks, the Americans used Armoured military group Carriers. These were basically open-style tanks. They were used more than the Tank and were mainly for transpot. They could be used on land and water, which gave them a bit more protection from the VC attacks and the armour itself gave ample protection to the crew if under attck from small implements of war fire.As for the VC, where were they getting all these supplies from to place down American tactics? The answer was simple. The Ho Chi Minh Trail. It was a 1000 millilitre secret supply trail from North Vietnam to South Vietnam. It was so big that at any given time, 10,000 trucks could be on it transporting suppplies. Also, it wasnt just one truthful road, it had a 30 mile width, and in it were hundre ds of paths that branched off. That way, if the part of the trail was bombed for example, them the VC could simply turn around and follow a different route.The US knew about this (but they didnt know the fact that it had many branched off sections- they thought it was one straight route) and this made them want to s tweet it. Reconnaisance photos showed little or no evidence of the trail, it was literally built under the Americans noses but they just couldnt find it. The American Intelligence analysts could hardly spot the trail from above because the dense jungle had different canopy levels. The VC cut the lower levels so their transport could meander through, leaving the top layer of canopy as cover from the US planes and other enemies.But Aeroplanes werent only used for pickings photos. As the Americans could only give a rough estimate of the position of the trail, there was still a chance of finding it, and they began use planes to bomb the Ho Chi Minh trail, but this had no eff ect on the VC morale or the way they used it, if one part was bombed off, then they simply switched to a different path. So, another way that the US tried to sniff out any VC or activity on the trail was by using the planes to drop ADSIDs- or Tropical Trees. These were dropped by planes into the jungle and stuck into the ground when landing. They perceived the heat and vibrations from everything, so if something was picked up, the Americans would know and assume it is VC personnel. To combat this, the Vietcong used an extremely simple yet operable technique that the Americans never saw coming. they moved the ADSIDs, to a remot place and put a generator coterminous to it, and the tactic worked. The VC just watched as US warplanes flew overhead and bombed the wrong place without harming anybody.To hyperkinetic syndrome to the lack of progression made by US forces, troops morale was droppin rapidly. One of the main causes of low morale throughout the war was the booby traps left by the VC. They had explosive traps such as deadly landmines-supplied by the Ho Chi Minh Trail-and other sorts. But the most effective were the ones that they made by hand. These were cheap and easy to make, they were so simple to make, that they could be made by anyone. It was an excellent morale builder for the VC and they used signals in the forests to tell each other where the traps were. But unfortunatly the Americans werent so happy.They faced barbed wire, tied from tree-to-tree, the Punji Stake Trap( a spue in the ground full of bamboo stakes or barbed steel spikes-sometimes even smothered in human faecies so when the victim was cut open, they suffered blood poisoning) which was disguised on the forest floor and many more. They were all designed to mame but not kill. They were grusome yet brutally effective and severely damaged US troops morale. Many men watched as their friends perished in agony which make uped to the lowering of morale. Soon, the result of the VC booby trap tactic really came into effect the Americans started to think Why arent we winning? Were a superpower and at the secondment were getting nowhere, Why are my friends dying all around me? So soon the mortality rate mong US soldiers began to rise.So far through the war, US tactics have been proving useless and the VCs tactics and weapons have been very effective. As the war intensified, the US did make a couple of hits on VC morale. They used their Warplanes in the tactic of Saturation bombing. This was when the planes emptied all there loads at once and bombed N.Vietnam and S.Vietnam in heavy loads. One of the most heavily bombed aea in South Vietnam was the suspected VC stronghold Cu Chi. It was so heavily bombed that the people living their had made the desperate descision to go underground in order to avoid the bombing. then The Cu Chi Tunnels were made. It was here where the villagers of Cu Chi would stay for the next 10 classs, and at the height of the war, the Cu Chi tunnel sytem streched from the outskirts of Saigon all the way to the Cambodian border approx. 250km of tunnels The tunnels had everything to offer for the villagers to live in powderpuff kitchens, beds, living areas and dining quarters, planning rooms, ammunition stores, hospital wards and even wells. Amazingly, holes connected from the ground fed the people fresh air and let out hot steam from the kitchens, and the US forces still couldnt find them small trap doors were designed to fit the samatotype of the Vietnamese into the forest floor, and viewpoints were made from undergroound to the surface of the forest floor which made them ideal sniping positions. The tunnels at Cu Chi were never destroyed. They were only breached on rare occasions. Since the average Hesperian wasnt able to fit comfotably into the tiny tunnel entrances, the Tunnel Rats were formed. These were volunteers from the army who had small body shapes, they could fit into the tunnels and were move down. They were equ iped with a torch, pistol and a nife and faced the dank and dark tunnels on their own. The VC often left traps in the system e.g biologcal weapons- snakes, scorpions, spiders, bats, or even trap doors that cut peoples throast or lead to Punji Pits. Most of the time the Rats came out screeming and crying.As a result of not being able to find the entrances to the tunnels most of the time, the Americans used chemical substance bombs. Napalm. It was basically jellied petrtol and was used to burn off leaves and vegetation in forests. It stuck to its victims causing horrific burns. To add to this, they also used more chemical weapons Agents Orange and Blue- weedkillers basically. They were generously sprayed over forests to get rid of the cover, which did work. But, these chemical weapons caused horrific deaths and the wounds from Napalm would take six months to heal, leaving victims terribly scarred. The Dioxin in the Orange/Blue Agents caused deformities in children and crabby person to anyone handling it. This must have had an effect on the VC morale because the environment of Vietnam, including food sources, were completely destroyed aswell. But it just made them fight harder against the invaders.The counter to this tactic came as another VC tactic, and a abundant surprise to the Americans and everyone else. On Jan 31st 1968, more than 80,000 NVA and VC soldiers simultaneously attacked Saigon and other major cities on US posts. This was called the Tet Offensive. This caught the US forces off-guard as they didnt know who they were fighting as the VC looked like ordinary civillians. Tet meant the new lunar year, and their must have been lots of festivals with people and even military forces relaxing or celebrating in the streets. The reason why they nonexistence saw this coming was because it wasnt morally right e.g. People would not fight on Christmas Day? To add to the unexpectedness, the Tet Offensive was planned right under the noses of the Americans in pu blic places.Furthermore, the VC werent fighting as Gerillas, they had a motley in their tactics and were fighting using conventional warfare. This is proved by the fact that more than five hundred Americans were either wounded or died in the first three weeks of the major attack-much quicker death place than ambushing. This changed the view of the war to the public of America, as they realised that the US wasnt real winning the war, their loved ones were dying. Thus bringing down morale in America itself, as the attack led to the media saying that the VC were ontogenesis in strength. But even though the VC had the upper hand at first, they were fighting conventionally, the way the American troops were specially traned to do, and the end of the Tet Offensive was seen a US victory as it forced North Vietnam to begin peace talks (only a few places were captured by the communists, the other posts were successfully defended).Tet was still a successful counter-tactic by the VC as man y US soldiers lost their lives. So two months later, the last tactic came in effect from the revenge seeking Amerians. In March later that year, a search and destroy mission to a village known as a VC stronghold resulted in the My Lai Massacre. US forces made their way to the village and there was no resistence, between 175 and 500 unarmed civilians were killed and no VC were actually found. They had escaped. The innocent villagers were brutally shot and the bodies of the women and children were photographed by a US army photographer. The deed was commited during the same year 1968, but was made public in November 1969. In the American soldiers defence, they were just obeying orders but that wasnt justified.Overall, these events show evidence that the VCs tactics and weapons were much better in helping them change the tide of the war. Their simple yet knavish home-based techniques evidently proved to be far more effective than the modern Americans, thus resulting in a regretfull in tervention and humiliating defeat.